Ceftriaxone Versus Chloramphenicol for Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00372541 |
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : September 7, 2006
Last Update Posted : July 26, 2010
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Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub Saharan Africa. The World Health Organisation (WHO) still recommends intravenous chloramphenicol for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children aged less than five years. However, up to 20% of children fail treatment due to the emergence of resistance by bacteria. Several centers now use ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, which is reported to be efficacious in the treatment of severe pneumonia. However the high cost of ceftriaxone is too prohibitive to allow for its routine use in resource constrained countries. The purpose of this study is to compare chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone in the treatment of severe pneumonia in children under five.
We hypothesize that 92.7% of children who receive once daily intravenous ceftriaxone (75 mg/kg body weight)for 7 days, will recover from severe pneumonia compared to 80.2 % of those who receive intravenous chloramphenicol (25mg/kg body weight/dose every 6 hours for 7 days).
Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
Pneumonia | Drug: ceftriaxone | Phase 3 |
A recent report from the World health Organization showed pneumonia was the leading cause of death in children less than 5 years. WHO recommends intravenous Chloramphenicol 25mg/kg six hourly as the first line drug for the treatment of severe pneumonia in these children. Ceftriaxone 75mg/kg daily is the second line drug.
The efficacy of chloramphenicol for the treatment of severe pneumonia ranges from 80%-84%, while that of ceftriaxone ranges from 85% to 97%. However the high cost of ceftriaxone is too prohibitive to allow for its routine use in resource constrained countries. A study comparing penicillin G plus chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone in the treatment of severe pneumonia in Turkey found that both drugs were equally effective in normalization of the outcome parameters. A recent Cochrane review found no randomized controlled trials comparing both drugs in the treatment of severe forms of pneumonia.
The objective of this study it to compare the efficacy of Ceftriaxone versus Chloramphenicol in the treatment of severe pneumonia in the children under five years of age admitted to Mulago hospital.
This will be a double- blinded randomized controlled trial. Three hundred forty eight children with severe pneumonia will be randomized to receive either intravenous ceftriaxone 75mg/kg/day for seven days or intravenous chloramphenicol 100mg/kg/day for seven days. The primary outcome will mortality and secondary outcomes will be time taken to normalization of respiratory rate, temperature and oxygen saturation.
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Estimated Enrollment : | 348 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | Double |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | Ceftriaxone Versus Chloramphenicol for Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children Aged Less Than Five Years at Mulago Hospital: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
Study Start Date : | September 2006 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | March 2007 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | March 2007 |
- Mortality from severe pneumonia by 7th day of treatment
- Time to normalisation of respiratory rate
- Time to normalisation temperature
- Time to normalisation of oxygen saturation

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Ages Eligible for Study: | 6 Months to 59 Months (Child) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children aged 6 months to 59months with cough, difficult breathing and lower chest indrawing
- Consent from parent/carer
Exclusion Criteria:
- Children with severe Asthmatic attack
- Allergy to any of the study drugs
- Diagnosis of Pneumocystis JiroveciPneumonia on therapeutic treatment

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00372541
Uganda | |
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago Hospital | |
Kampala, East Africa, Uganda, 256 | |
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University | |
Kampala, Uganda, P O 7072 | |
Department of paediatrics and child Health,Makerere university | |
Kampala, Uganda, P O 7072 | |
Department of Paediatrics and Child, Makerere University | |
Kampala, Uganda, P O 7072 |
Principal Investigator: | Cordelia M Katureebe, MBCHB | Makerere University |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00372541 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
HD1120041348U |
First Posted: | September 7, 2006 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | July 26, 2010 |
Last Verified: | July 2010 |
ceftriaxone chloramphenicol severe pneumonia children |
Pneumonia Respiratory Tract Infections Infections Lung Diseases |
Respiratory Tract Diseases Ceftriaxone Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Infective Agents |