Kintampo Trial of Combination Therapy for Malaria

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00119145
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: July 13, 2005
• Last Update Posted: January 12, 2017
• Sponsor: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
• Collaborator: Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): Brian Greenwood, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Study Description

Brief Summary:

Case management is one of the key strategies for malaria control in most endemic countries. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is becoming resistant to commonly used and cheap antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, amodiaquine, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Thus the safety and efficacy of new anti-malarial drugs need to be tested in sites with well-characterised malariometric indices in order to make appropriate treatment policies.

Artemisinin-based combination chemotherapies have been documented to consistently produce faster relief of clinical symptoms and parasite clearance in uncomplicated falciparum malaria than any other currently used antimalarial drugs. So far, artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AR-LM) are the only two registered fixed-dose artemisinin combination chemotherapies produced at industrial scale, with good manufacturing practices and already used in Africa. Several African countries, including Ghana, are therefore introducing either AS-AQ or AR-LM as first-line antimalarials or evaluating the case for such a change. Clearly, a direct comparison of both the safety and efficacy profiles of the two combinations under different epidemiological conditions is urgently needed to guide informed decisions on the most appropriate antimalarial first-line treatment regimen.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy, artemether-lumefantrine, and artesunate-lapdap in an open-labelled, randomised, non-inferiority drug trial.

The study results will inform future decisions on first- and second-line treatments for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria with respect to efficacy and safety in Ghana.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Malaria	Drug: artesunate-amodiaquine; Drug: coartem; Drug: artesunate-lapdap	Phase 4

Detailed Description:

A study funded by the GMP-LSHTM in the Kintampo district of Ghana is currently assessing the efficacy of SP as part of a comprehensive process of characterising the site into the patterns of seasonal dynamics of P. falciparum transmission, infection, and morbidity. The initial results from this study have demonstrated a high parasitological failure rate(18%) on day 14 of treatment, an indication that SP is no longer suitable for use in Ghana. Artesunate combination therapies (ACTs) have been found to be efficacious and safe, producing rapid clearance of parasites and malaria symptoms; they are very well tolerated. Lapdap is a newly registered, relatively cheap antimalarial with short half-life and has been found to be highly efficacious in strict trial conditions for treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum infections in endemic sites in Africa. Despite the rapid clearance of lapdap, children treated with this drug did not have higher incidence of malaria episodes than those treated with SP though haematological adverse effects have been documented to be more common with lapdap than with SP. At present, the fixed-dose combination regimens of artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AR-LM) are the only two registered artemisinin combination chemotherapies produced at industrial scale, with good manufacturing practices and already used in Africa. Several African countries are introducing either AS-AQ or AR-LM as first-line antimalarials or evaluating the case for such a change. Ghana, has just changed its antimalarial drug policy to artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy (AS-AQ) as first line drug. The selection of this new ACT has been driven partly by cost of treatment, but a critical look at the safety and efficacy of ACTs in Ghana has yet to be done.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy (AS-AQ), Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem), and Artesunate-lapdap) in a drug non-inferiority study.

Objectives

Primary objective:

• To evaluate the efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine, versus artesunate-lapdap in the treatment of children aged 6 months to ten years, infected with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, at the paediatric outpatient clinic in the Kintampo hospital.

Secondary objectives:

• To evaluate the safety of artesunate-amodiaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine, versus artesunate-lapdap in the treatment of children 6 months to ten years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

Study design and methods

Study site: This study is being conducted in Kintampo district in the middle belt of Ghana where the investigators in the Kintampo Health Research Centre are located. Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), one of three research centres under the Health Research Unit (HRU) of the Ghana Health Service, Ghana, lies within the forest-savannah, transitional ecological zone in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana.

Study design:

This is a randomised, open-labelled, non-inferiority drug trial. At the Kintampo district hospital, 510 paediatric outpatients (refer sample size calculation) with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and aged between 6 months and 10 years will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of the three study arms: (i) Artesunate-Amodiaquine (AS-AQ), (ii) Artemether-Lumefantrine (AR-LM), or (iii) Artesunate-lapdap (AS-LP). The classification of clinical and parasitological responses will follow the relevant WHO protocol for areas of intense transmission. Follow-up, however, will be extended beyond day 14 up to day 28 to increase the sensitivity of the in vivo test. PCR-based genotyping comparing pairs of parasite isolates from day 0 and day of asexual parasite reappearance will be used to distinguish between recrudescence and re-infection.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Estimated Enrollment: 510 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: A Non-Inferiority, Open-Labelled, Randomised Trial Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Artesunate-Amodiaquine, Artemether-Lumefantrine, And Artesunate-Lapdap For Treatment Of Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria Among Children In Ghana
• Study Start Date: June 2005
• Actual Study Completion Date: May 2006

Arms and Interventions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. adequate clinical and Parasitological response (ACPR)by day 28.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Parasitological cure rate by day 14
2. Parasitological cure rate by day 28
3. Clinical cure rates by days 14 and 28
4. Incidence rates of adverse events
5. Gametocyte carriage at days 7, 14 and 28

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 Months to 10 Years (Child)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 6 months to 10 years
• Body weight >5 kg
• Uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria
• Mono-infection with P. falciparum
• Asexual parasite density 2,000 to 200,000 parasites/µl
• Haemoglobin ≥7.0 g/dL
• Axillary temperature ≥37.5ºC or history of fever in preceding 24 hr
• Ability to tolerate oral therapy
• Residence in study area

Exclusion Criteria:

• Haemoglobin <7.0 g/dL
• Leucocyte count: >15,000/µL
• G6PD deficiency
• Mixed malaria infections
• Danger signs (unable to drink; repeated vomiting; recent history of convulsions; lethargic or unconscious state; unable to stand up or to sit) and signs of severe malaria as defined by WHO
• Any other severe underlying disease (cardiac, renal, hepatic diseases, malnutrition, known HIV infection)
• Concomitant disease masking assessment of response, e.g. known or suspected hearing impairments

Contacts and Locations

Locations

Ghana

Kintampo Health Research Centre

Kintampo, Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana

Sponsors and Collaborators

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Seth Owusu-Agyei, PhD; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
• Principal Investigator: Daniel Chandramohan, MBBS, PhD; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
• Principal Investigator: Brian M Greenwood, FRCP, FRS; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

More Information

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Owusu-Agyei S, Asante KP, Owusu R, Adjuik M, Amenga-Etego S, Dosoo DK, Gyapong J, Greenwood B, Chandramohan D. An open label, randomised trial of artesunate+amodiaquine, artesunate+chlorproguanil-dapsone and artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. PLoS One. 2008 Jun 25;3(6):e2530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002530.

• Responsible Party: Brian Greenwood, Professor, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00119145
• Other Study ID Numbers: ITDCVG44
• First Posted: July 13, 2005
• Last Update Posted: January 12, 2017
• Last Verified: January 2017

Keywords provided by Brian Greenwood, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine:

antimalarial drugs; efficacy; safety; trial

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Malaria; Protozoan Infections; Parasitic Diseases; Infections; Vector Borne Diseases; Artesunate; Amodiaquine; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination; Antimalarials; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antiparasitic Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Schistosomicides; Antiplatyhelmintic Agents; Anthelmintics