Ursodiol-Methotrexate for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006168
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: August 9, 2000
• Last Update Posted: January 13, 2010
• Sponsor: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
• Information provided by: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Study Description

Brief Summary:

The major thrust is to determine whether treatment of patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) with Ursodiol (Ursodeoxycholic Acid-UDCA) plus methotrexate (MTX) is more effective than treatment with UDCA alone.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary	Drug: Methotrexate	Phase 3

Detailed Description:

PBC is a chronic cholestatic liver disease, predominantly of women, in which interlobular and septal bile ducts undergo inflammation and destruction. Once initiated, the disease persists and progresses at varying rates. Neither the initiating nor perpetuating mechanisms are well understood. Current concepts of pathogenesis include (1) destruction of bile ducts is maintained and perhaps initiated by autoimmune mechanisms; (2) hydrophobic bile acids which accumulate in serum and liver cause functional and cytotoxic liver injury; (3) cytokines and lymphokines released at sites of inflammation may contribute to cell damage and fibrosis. A considerable body of evidence indicates that UDCA when fed orally leads to improvement in liver tests, in pruritus and in liver histology. There exist differences in opinion as to whether development of complications of liver disease, liver transplantation or transplant-free survival is affected. UDCA, a relatively non-toxic bile acid, when administered orally, alters the composition of the bile acid pool in factor of its enrichment with UDCA and appears to protect against the cytotoxic effects of endogenous bile acids that accumulate as a result of bile acid destruction. MTX is being shown to improve liver tests, symptoms and liver histology in a small number of precirrhotic patients with PBC. The mechanism of action is unknown but felt to be related to anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive effects of MTX. The current trial explores whether MTX improves the therapeutic effects of UDCA in PBC. Patients with PBC whose serum bilirubin is less than 3 mg%, who have been on UDCA for at least 6 months, and who satisfy a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria are stratified into 2 groups on the basis of liver histologic stage (Ludwig classification), i.e., early (Stages I and II) versus late (Stages III or IV). They are then randomized to receive either methotrexate or its placebo as a second drug while continuing to receive UDCA. The relative value of the two treatment arms is assessed by comparing their effects on symptoms, results of laboratory tests, development of complications of liver disease, histologic changes in liver, liver transplantation, and on transplant-free survival. The safety of each therapeutic regimen is also being determined.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Allocation: Randomized
• Masking: Double
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Study Start Date: January 1994
• Study Completion Date: March 2004

Arms and Interventions

Outcome Measures

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 Years to 69 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Chronic cholestatic liver disease of at least 6 months' duration.
• Serum alkaline phosphatase levels at least 1.5 times the upper limit of normal prior to treatment with UDCA.
• Serum bilirubin less than 3.0 mg% prior to treatment with UDCA.
• Serum albumin of 3.0 gram% or greater prior to treatment with UDCA.
• Positive antimitochondrial antibody test
• Liver biopsy within the previous 6 months after at least 6 months on UDCA (available for review, and at least 2 cm long if cirrhosis not detected) compatible with the diagnosis of PBC.
• Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or cholangiography of the biliary tree which excludes biliary obstruction.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Treatment with immunosuppressive agents including azathioprine, chlorambucil, colchicine, corticosteroids, or d-penicillamine in the preceding 3 months; or with cyclosporine, FK-506 or methotrexate in the preceding 6 months.
• Treatment with rifampin in the preceding 3 months.
• Serum bilirubin of 3.0 mg% or greater.
• Serum albumin less than 3.0 gm%.
• WBC 2,500 mm3; granulocytes 1,500 mm3; platelets 80,000mm3.
• Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleed.
• Findings by clinical, serologic and histologic evidence of liver disease of other etiology (such as chronic hepatitis B or C, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, sclerosing cholangitis, drug-induced liver disease, symptomatic or obstructive gallstones).
• Pregnancy, or if not pregnant and in the reproductive period, unwillingness to utilize an adequate form of birth control.
• Age less than 20 or greater than 69 years.
• Epilepsy requiring use of dilantin.
• Malignant disease within the past 5 years (except skin cancer)
• Anti-HIV positive. Major illnesses that could limit life span.
• History of alcoholism during the previous 2 years.
• Creatinine clearance less than 60 ml per minute.
• Severe lung disease, defined as a diffusion capacity or vital capacity of less than 50 percent of predicted.
• Patients who are both asymptomatic and have Stage I histology on liver biopsy (Ludwig classification).

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, California

Keck School of Medicine at U.S.C.

Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033

U California Medical Center

San Francisco, California, United States, 94143

United States, Connecticut

Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06520-8019

United States, Georgia

Emory University School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322

United States, Missouri

Saint Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63104

United States, Nebraska

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68198-3285

United States, Ohio

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195

United States, Oregon

Oregon Health Sciences University

Portland, Oregon, United States, 97201

United States, Pennsylvania

Albert Einstein Medical Center

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19141

United States, Texas

UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Dallas, Texas, United States, 75235-9151

United States, Virginia

Medical College of Virginia

Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298-0711

United States, Washington

University of Washington Medical Center

Seattle, Washington, United States, 98195

Sponsors and Collaborators

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

More Information

Publications:

Poupon RE, Balkau B, Eschwege E, Poupon R. A multicenter, controlled trial of ursodiol for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. UDCA-PBC Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1991 May 30;324(22):1548-54. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199105303242204.

Heathcote EJ, Cauch-Dudek K, Walker V, Bailey RJ, Blendis LM, Ghent CN, Michieletti P, Minuk GY, Pappas SC, Scully LJ, et al. The Canadian Multicenter Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1994 May;19(5):1149-56.

Lindor KD, Dickson ER, Baldus WP, Jorgensen RA, Ludwig J, Murtaugh PA, Harrison JM, Wiesner RH, Anderson ML, Lange SM, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1994 May;106(5):1284-90. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(94)90021-3.

Combes B, Carithers RL Jr, Maddrey WC, Lin D, McDonald MF, Wheeler DE, Eigenbrodt EH, Munoz SJ, Rubin R, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1995 Sep;22(3):759-66.

Kaplan MM, Knox TA, Arora SA. Primary biliary cirrhosis treated with low-dose oral pulse methotrexate. Ann Intern Med. 1988 Sep 1;109(5):429-31. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-429. No abstract available.

Kaplan MM. Methotrexate treatment of chronic cholestatic liver diseases: friend or foe? Q J Med. 1989 Aug;72(268):757-61. No abstract available.

Kaplan MM, Knox TA. Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis with low-dose weekly methotrexate. Gastroenterology. 1991 Nov;101(5):1332-8. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(91)90085-y.

Bergasa NV, Jones A, Kleiner DE, Rabin L, Park Y, Wells MC, Hoofnagle JH. Pilot study of low dose oral methotrexate treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996 Feb;91(2):295-9.

Buscher HP, Zietzschmann Y, Gerok W. Positive responses to methotrexate and ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis responding insufficiently to ursodeoxycholic acid alone. J Hepatol. 1993 Apr;18(1):9-14. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80004-2.

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006168
• Other Study ID Numbers: PUMPS (completed); 5R01DK046602 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
• First Posted: August 9, 2000
• Last Update Posted: January 13, 2010
• Last Verified: January 2010

Keywords provided by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK):

primary biliary cirrhosis; Ursodeoxycholic acid; UDCA; MTX; Hepatology; methotrexate; liver

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Fibrosis; Pathologic Processes; Liver Diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholestasis; Bile Duct Diseases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Methotrexate; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortifacient Agents; Reproductive Control Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antineoplastic Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Folic Acid Antagonists; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antirheumatic Agents; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors