Hormone Therapy With or Without Surgery or Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00002633

Recruitment Status : Completed

First Posted : January 27, 2003

Last Update Posted : February 3, 2014

Sponsor:

Collaborators:

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

Southwest Oncology Group

Medical Research Council

Information provided by (Responsible Party):

Canadian Cancer Trials Group ( NCIC Clinical Trials Group )

Study Description

Brief Summary:

RATIONALE: Hormones can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. Hormone therapy may fight prostate cancer by reducing the production of androgens. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. It is not yet known whether hormone therapy plus surgery is more effective than hormone therapy plus radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying giving hormone therapy alone to see how well it works compared to giving hormone therapy together with bilateral orchiectomy or radiation therapy in treating patients with stage III or stage IV prostate cancer.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Prostate Cancer	Drug: bicalutamide Drug: buserelin Drug: flutamide Drug: goserelin Drug: leuprolide acetate Drug: nilutamide Procedure: orchiectomy Radiation: radiation therapy	Phase 3

Detailed Description:

OBJECTIVES:

Compare the overall survival, disease specific survival, and time to progression in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with total androgen suppression with or without pelvic irradiation.
Compare the symptomatic control as measured by the rates of surgical interventions needed for control of local disease (e.g., transurethral resections, stent insertions, nephrostomies, and colostomies) in patients treated with these regimens.
Compare the quality of life of patients treated with these regimens.
Compare the sensitivity of the EORTC-QLQ-C30+3 and a trial-specific checklist (PR17) with the FACT-P questionnaire in measuring changes in quality of life of patients treated with these regimens.

OUTLINE: This a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to center, initial PSA level (less than 20 vs 20-50 vs greater than 50 ng/mL), method of node staging (clinical [no CT scan] vs radiological [CT scan negative] vs surgical), Gleason score (less than 8 vs 8-10), prior hormonal therapy (excluding orchiectomy) (yes vs no), and choice of hormonal therapy (bilateral orchiectomy with or without antiandrogen vs luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] with antiandrogen). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

Arm I: Patients receive antiandrogen therapy comprising oral flutamide every 8 hours, oral nilutamide every 8 hours for 1 month and then once daily, or oral bicalutamide once daily. Patients also choose to undergo bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist therapy comprising goserelin subcutaneously (SC) every 4 weeks (short-acting formulation) or every 3 months (long-acting formulation), leuprolide intramuscularly every 4 weeks (short-acting formulation) or every 3 months (long-acting formulation), or buserelin SC every 8 weeks or every 12 weeks. Patients choosing orchiectomy may receive an antiandrogen for at least 6 weeks before surgery to counter any flare phenomenon and may continue the antiandrogen after surgery (at the physician's discretion).
Arm II: Patients undergo total androgen ablation as in arm I. Patients with node-negative dissection undergo radiotherapy 5 days a week for 6.5-7 weeks. All other patients undergo radiotherapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks, followed by boost radiotherapy 5 days a week for 2-2.4 weeks.

Hormonal therapy on both arms continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Quality of life is assessed at baseline, on the last day of radiotherapy, at 6 months, and then every 6 months thereafter.

Patients are followed at 1, 2, and 6 months and then every 6 months thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1,200 patients will be accrued for this study within 7.5 years.

Study Design


Study Type :	Interventional (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment :	361 participants
Allocation:	Randomized
Intervention Model:	Parallel Assignment
Masking:	None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose:	Treatment
Official Title:	Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Total Androgen Blockade Versus Total Androgen Blockade Plus Pelvic Irradiation in Clinical Stage T3-4, N0, M0 Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Study Start Date :	March 1995
Actual Primary Completion Date :	December 2010
Actual Study Completion Date :	January 2012

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine

Genetics Home Reference related topics: Prostate cancer

MedlinePlus related topics: Prostate Cancer

U.S. FDA Resources

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: Total Androgen Blockade	Drug: bicalutamide Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: buserelin Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: flutamide Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: goserelin Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: leuprolide acetate Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: nilutamide Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Procedure: orchiectomy Optional orchiectomy
Active Comparator: Total Androgen Blockade Vs TA Blockade Plus Pelvic Irradiation	Drug: bicalutamide Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: buserelin Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: flutamide Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: goserelin Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: leuprolide acetate Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Drug: nilutamide Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk Procedure: orchiectomy Optional orchiectomy Radiation: radiation therapy Radical Radiation Therapy - (65-69 Gy; 35-37 treatments)

Arm

Intervention/treatment

Active Comparator: Total Androgen Blockade

Drug: bicalutamide

Antiandrogen (optional with orchiectomy) Flutamide 250 mg po TID or Nilutamide 100 mg po TID x 1 mo; then 150 mg po QD or Bicalutamide 50 mg po QD PLUS (patient's choice) Bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist Goserelin 3.6 mg SC (abd) q28d or 10.8 mg SC (abd) Q3mos or Leuprolide 7.5 mg IM q28d (Leuprorelin 3.75 mg) or 22.5 mg IM Q3mos (Leuprorelin 11.25 mg) or 30 mg IM Q4mos or Buserelin 6.3mg SC (abd) Q8wk or 9.45mg SC (abd) Q12wk

Drug: buserelin

Drug: flutamide

Drug: goserelin

Drug: leuprolide acetate

Drug: nilutamide

Procedure: orchiectomy

Optional orchiectomy

Active Comparator: Total Androgen Blockade Vs TA Blockade Plus Pelvic Irradiation

Drug: bicalutamide

Drug: buserelin

Drug: flutamide

Drug: goserelin

Drug: leuprolide acetate

Drug: nilutamide

Procedure: orchiectomy

Optional orchiectomy

Radiation: radiation therapy

Radical Radiation Therapy - (65-69 Gy; 35-37 treatments)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

Overall survival [ Time Frame: 10 years ]

Secondary Outcome Measures :

Disease specific survival [ Time Frame: 10 years ]
Time to disease progression [ Time Frame: 10 years ]
Symptomatic local control measured by surgical intervention rate [ Time Frame: 10 years ]
Quality of life assessed by EORTC-QLQ-C30 + 3 and a trial-specific checklist (PR17) or the FACT-P questionnaire [ Time Frame: 10 years ]

Eligibility Criteria

Information from the National Library of Medicine

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Ages Eligible for Study:	up to 79 Years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

Histologically proven locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate, defined as 1 of the following:
- T3-4, N0 or NX, M0
- T2, PSA greater than 40 µg/L
- T2, PSA greater than 20 µg/L AND Gleason score at least 8
Diagnosis made within the past 6 months
Gleason score and PSA known
Pelvic lymph nodes must be clinically negative
- Lymph nodes no more than 1.5 cm in greatest diameter by CT scan or MRI of the pelvis
- Negative needle aspirate required for any lymph node more than 1.5 cm
- If a lymph node dissection was performed, it must be histologically negative
No small cell or transitional cell carcinoma by biopsy
No bony metastases by bone scan

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age:

Under 80

Performance status:

ECOG 0-2

Life expectancy:

At least 5 years excluding malignancy

Hematopoietic:

Hemoglobin at least 10.0 g/dL
WBC at least 2,000/mm^3
Platelet count at least 100,000/mm^3

Hepatic:

Bilirubin less than 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
SGOT and SGPT less than 2 times ULN
Alkaline phosphatase less than 2 times ULN
No history of chronic liver disease

Renal:

Creatinine less than 2 times ULN

Other:

No contraindication to wide-field pelvic irradiation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease or severe bladder irritability)
No other malignancy within the past 5 years except nonmelanoma skin cancer
Fertile patients must use effective contraception

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy:

Not specified

Chemotherapy:

Not specified

Endocrine therapy:

Prior hormonal therapy within the past 12 weeks allowed provided the following conditions are met:
- Negative bone scan before beginning any hormonal therapy
- Extracapsular extension remains palpable on rectal re-exam
- Baseline PSA known before beginning any hormonal therapy
At least 4-6 weeks since prior 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (e.g., finasteride) for benign prostatic hypertrophy

Radiotherapy:

No prior pelvic irradiation

Surgery:

No prior radical prostatectomy
Prior transurethral resection of the prostate allowed

Other:

No prior cytotoxic anticancer therapy
No other prior treatment for prostate cancer
No other concurrent anticancer therapy unless documented disease progression

Contacts and Locations

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00002633

Locations


Canada, Alberta
Cross Cancer Institute
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 1Z2
Canada, British Columbia
BCCA - Fraser Valley Cancer Centre
Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, V3V 1Z2
BCCA - Vancouver Cancer Centre
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4E6
Canada, Nova Scotia
QEII Health Sciences Center
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 1V7
Canada, Ontario
Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8V 5C2
Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston
Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 5P9
London Regional Cancer Program
London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 4L6
Ottawa Health Research Institute - General Division
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L6
Regional Cancer Program of the Hopital Regional
Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, P3E 5J1
Thunder Bay Regional Health Science Centre
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, P7B 6V4
Univ. Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9
Windsor Regional Cancer Centre
Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N8W 2X3
Canada, Quebec
CHUM - Hopital Notre-Dame
Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2L 4M1
McGill University - Dept. Oncology
Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2W 1S6
Canada, Saskatchewan
Saskatoon Cancer Centre
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 4H4

Sponsors and Collaborators

NCIC Clinical Trials Group

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

Southwest Oncology Group

Medical Research Council

Investigators


Study Chair:	Padraig R. Warde, MB, MRCPI, FRCPC	Princess Margaret Hospital, Canada
Study Chair:	Richard R. Whittington, MD	Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Study Chair:	Srinivasan Vijayakumar, MD	Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center
Study Chair:	Patricia Lillis-Hearne, MD	Brooke Army Medical Center
Study Chair:	Malcolm D. Mason, MD	Velindre NHS Trust

More Information

Publications of Results:

Warde P, Mason M, Ding K, Kirkbride P, Brundage M, Cowan R, Gospodarowicz M, Sanders K, Kostashuk E, Swanson G, Barber J, Hiltz A, Parmar MK, Sathya J, Anderson J, Hayter C, Hetherington J, Sydes MR, Parulekar W; NCIC CTG PR.3/MRC UK PR07 investigators. Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011 Dec 17;378(9809):2104-11. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61095-7. Epub 2011 Nov 2.

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Brundage M, Sydes MR, Parulekar WR, Warde P, Cowan R, Bezjak A, Kirkbride P, Parliament M, Moynihan C, Bahary JP, Parmar MK, Sanders K, Chen BE, Mason MD. Impact of Radiotherapy When Added to Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Quality-of-Life Outcomes From the NCIC CTG PR3/MRC PR07 Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jul 1;33(19):2151-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.8724. Epub 2015 May 26.

Mason MD, Parulekar WR, Sydes MR, Brundage M, Kirkbride P, Gospodarowicz M, Cowan R, Kostashuk EC, Anderson J, Swanson G, Parmar MK, Hayter C, Jovic G, Hiltz A, Hetherington J, Sathya J, Barber JB, McKenzie M, El-Sharkawi S, Souhami L, Hardman PD, Chen BE, Warde P. Final Report of the Intergroup Randomized Study of Combined Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Plus Radiotherapy Versus Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Alone in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jul 1;33(19):2143-50. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.7510. Epub 2015 Feb 17.


Responsible Party:	NCIC Clinical Trials Group
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00002633 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	PR3 CAN-NCIC-PR3 ( Registry Identifier: NCI US PDQ ) ECOG-JPR03 ( Other Identifier: ECOG ) MRC-PR07 ( Other Identifier: MRC ) SWOG-JPR3 ( Other Identifier: SWOG ) EU-99013 NCI-T94-0110O ISRCTN24991896 CDR0000064065 ( Other Identifier: PDQ )
First Posted:	January 27, 2003 Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted:	February 3, 2014
Last Verified:	January 2012

Keywords provided by Canadian Cancer Trials Group ( NCIC Clinical Trials Group ):


adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage II prostate cancer stage III prostate cancer stage IV prostate cancer

Additional relevant MeSH terms:


Prostatic Neoplasms Genital Neoplasms, Male Urogenital Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Neoplasms Genital Diseases, Male Prostatic Diseases Androgens Leuprolide Buserelin Goserelin Flutamide	Bicalutamide Nilutamide Hormones Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Physiological Effects of Drugs Fertility Agents, Female Fertility Agents Reproductive Control Agents Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Antineoplastic Agents Androgen Antagonists Hormone Antagonists

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