Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with an dual chamber ICD or CRTD (with an existing functional atrial lead) with remote monitoring capabilities and EF <= 40% within the last 3 months by echocardiogram, nuclear imaging, MRI or cardiac catheterization,
2. Persistent or chronic symptomatic AF resistant to anti-arrhythmic medication other than Amiodarone. Resistant defined as recurrent AF of greater than 5 minutes duration at least once per month.
3. Therapeutic anticoagulation for at least three weeks prior to initiation of therapy
4. Ability to complete 6 minute walk test.
5. Age >= 18 years old. (Females must be either post-menopausal >12 months, practicing a protocol-acceptable method of birth control [defined as injectable or implantable hormonal contraceptives, oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, diaphragm plus spermicide], or have had a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation performed at least 6 months prior to enrollment).
6. All patients optimized on CHF medications including beta-blocker and ace-inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker.

Exclusion Criteria:

The exclusion criteria are:

1. Reversible causes of AF such as pericarditis, hyperthyroidism,
2. Presently with Valvular Heart disease requiring surgical intervention
3. Presently with coronary artery disease requiring surgical intervention
4. Early Post-operative AF (within three months of surgery)
5. Previous MAZE or left atrial instrumentation
6. Prolonged QT interval
7. Hypothyroidism
8. Liver Failure
9. Life expectancy <= 2 years
10. Social factors that would preclude follow up or make compliance difficult.
11. Contraindication to the use of anti-arrhythmic medications and/or coumadin and heparin
12. Enrollment in another investigational drug or device study.
13. Patients with severe pulmonary disease i.e. COPD or asthma
14. Documented intra-atrial thrombus, tumor, or another abnormality which precludes catheter introduction
15. Any ophthalmologic disorders (other than requiring glasses for vision correction)