Sleep Loss and Mechanisms of Impaired Glucose Metabolism - Full Text View

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of sleep and eszopiclone, a drug that helps people sleep, on how the body processes glucose (sugar). Eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sale for the treatment of insomnia. It is marketed in the United States as LUNESTA.

Main Hypothesis: Primary insomnia is associated with impairments of glucose metabolism that can be reversed by two months of eszopiclone for the primary insomnia

Condition	Intervention
Primary Insomnia	Drug: eszopiclone Drug: placebo pill

Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor) Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Official Title:	The Effects of Eszopiclone Treatment (3mg for Two Months) to Counteract the Adverse Metabolic Consequences of Primary Insomnia

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: Diabetes Medicines

Drug Information available for: Eszopiclone

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by Brigham and Women's Hospital:

Primary Outcome Measures:

Glucose Tolerance in response to insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test [ Time Frame: 2 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Secondary Outcome Measures:

1st phase Insulin secretion, Insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness; HbA1c levels; Leptin, Ghrelin levels; Alertness, Performance markers; Actigraphy, diary, and PSG of sleep/wake; hippocampal volumetry; Brain GABA levels by MR Spectroscopy [ Time Frame: 2 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Enrollment:	20
Study Start Date:	March 2006
Study Completion Date:	August 2008
Primary Completion Date:	July 2008 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Arms	Assigned Interventions
Experimental: active active medication administration nightly before bed	Drug: eszopiclone pill, 3mg, nightly 30 min before bed, for two months Other Name: Lunesta
Placebo Comparator: placebo nightly administration of placebo before bed	Drug: placebo pill pill, inactive placebo, nightly administration 30 minutes before bed, for two months

Detailed Description:

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, affecting nearly one-third of all adults in any given year, and chronically affecting 10-15% of the adult population. Reduced sleep time, independent of insomnia, has been associated with a variety of deleterious long term effects, including an increased risk of incident myocardial infarction and symptomatic diabetes. Chronic partial sleep loss or insomnia may impair glucose metabolism in the short term and are associated with the development of diabetes in the long term. Although the extent of sleep loss is more acute in the laboratory-based 'sleep debt' studies of healthy volunteers, chronic primary insomnia patients exhibit 'hyperarousal' (hypercortisolemia in the afternoon and evening, accelerated metabolism) similar to that seen with acute sleep deprivation. In addition, degradations of sleep quantity and quality in primary insomnia have been attributed to cognitive and somatic hyperarousal in the sleep setting. study examines and quantifies in adult men and women the link between primary insomnia and impaired glucose tolerance. This study examines the extent which adequate treatment of primary insomnia reverses impairments of glucose metabolism. If abnormalities of glucose metabolism are reversible, this study will demonstrate the importance of treatment of chronic primary insomnia.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:	25 Years to 55 Years
Genders Eligible for Study:	Both
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Age 25-55
Complaint of insomnia of at least 6 months duration
DSM-IV diagnosis of Primary Insomnia
Sleep diary: mean Total Sleep Time < 6 hours and a mean total wake time (sleep latency + wake after sleep onset) of greater than 60 minutes (in previous 14 days as recorded on sleep diary)
A willingness to comply with study procedures
If of child-bearing potential, using a medically-accepted method of birth control, including abstinence, barrier method with spermicide, steroidal contraceptive (oral, transdermal, implanted, and injected) in conjunction with a barrier method, and intrauterine device [IUD])

Exclusion Criteria:

Current diagnosis of DSM-IV Axis I disorder other than Primary Insomnia
Regular treatment (more than 1 time/week) with CNS active medication within 1 month of fist inpatient visit
Treatment with medications that interfere with glucose metabolism including anti-diabetic medications or steroidal contraceptives
Uncontrolled medical illness that would interfere with participation in the study
Body Mass Index >32 or <19.8
Current symptoms or diagnosis of any moderate to severe sleep disorder other than insomnia
No menopausal or peri-menopausal symptoms that disrupt sleep
Pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant
Consumption of > 2 caffeinated beverages per day (including coffee, tea and/or other caffeine-containing beverages or food) during 3 weeks prior to the start of the study

Contacts and Locations

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00555750

Locations

United States, Massachusetts
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115

Sponsors and Collaborators

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Sunovion

Mclean Hospital

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)

Investigators

Principal Investigator:

John W Winkelman, MD, PhD

Brigham and Women's Hospital

More Information

Publications:

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Ayas NT, White DP, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Malhotra A, Hu FB. A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jan 27;163(2):205-9.

Beck-Nielsen H, Henriksen JE, Alford F, Hother-Nielson O. In vivo glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and, insulin action in Europids with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and their first-degree relatives. Diabet Med. 1996 Sep;13(9 Suppl 6):S78-84. Review.

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Boyne MS, Saudek CD. Effect of insulin therapy on macrovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999 Apr;22 Suppl 3:C45-53. Review.

Buxton OM, Spiegel K and Van Cauter E. Modulation of endocrine function and metabolism by sleep and sleep loss. In: Sleep Medicine, edited by Lee-Chiong M, Carskadon M and Sateia M. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 2002, p. 59-69.

Buysse DJ, Jarrett DB, Miewald JM, Kupfer DJ, Greenhouse JB. Minute-by-minute analysis of REM sleep timing in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1990 Nov 15;28(10):911-25.

Czeisler CA, Winkelman JW and Richardson GS. Disorders of sleep and circadian rhythms. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, edited by Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL and Jameson JL. New York: McGraw-Hill,Inc., 2000, p. 1-78.

Dijk DJ, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. Circadian and sleep/wake dependent aspects of subjective alertness and cognitive performance. J Sleep Res. 1992 Jun;1(2):112-7.

Dinges DF, Kribbs NB, Bates BL and Carlin MM. A very brief probed-recall memory task: Sensitivity to sleep loss. Sleep Res 22: 330, 1993.

Dinges DF and Powell JW. Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers 17: 652-655, 1985.

Gillberg M, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T. Relations between performance and subjective ratings of sleepiness during a night awake. Sleep. 1994 Apr;17(3):236-41.

Gottlieb DJ, Punjabi NM, Newman AB, Resnick HE, Redline S, Baldwin CM, Nieto FJ. Association of sleep time with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Apr 25;165(8):863-7.

Hoddes E, Dement WC and Zarcone V. The development and use of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). Psychophysiol 9: 150, 1971.

King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998 Sep;21(9):1414-31.

King H, Zimmet P. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. World Health Stat Q. 1988;41(3-4):190-6.

Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002 Dec 4;288(21):2709-16.

Nilsson PM, Roost M, Engstrom G, Hedblad B, Berglund G. Incidence of diabetes in middle-aged men is related to sleep disturbances. Diabetes Care. 2004 Oct;27(10):2464-9.

Simon GE, VonKorff M. Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care. Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Oct;154(10):1417-23.

Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet. 1999 Oct 23;354(9188):1435-9.

Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, Van Cauter E. Brief communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Dec 7;141(11):846-50. Summary for patients in: Ann Intern Med. 2004 Dec 7;141(11):I52.

Van Dongen HP, Maislin G, Mullington JM, Dinges DF. The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):117-26. Erratum in: Sleep. 2004 Jun 15;27(4):600.

Responsible Party:	John W. Winkelman MD PhD, Primary Investigator, Brigham and Women's Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00555750 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	BWH-HRC-2005-P-001997, ESRC0004
Study First Received:	November 7, 2007
Last Updated:	November 10, 2008
Health Authority:	United States: Institutional Review Board

Keywords provided by Brigham and Women's Hospital:

sleep
metabolism
insulin
glucose

actigraphy
diary
volumetry
GABA

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic
Dyssomnias
Sleep Disorders
Nervous System Diseases
Mental Disorders
Eszopiclone

Hypnotics and Sedatives
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Pharmacologic Actions
Central Nervous System Agents
Therapeutic Uses

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 22, 2013