Optimizing Treatment for Treatment-Experienced, HIV-infected People
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Purpose
The goal of anti-HIV therapy is to prevent HIV from replicating. Long-term control of HIV requires at least two anti-HIV drugs that are active against the virus. Drug resistance is a problem for many treatment-experienced, HIV-infected people. The purpose of this study is to determine the benefit of adding a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) to a new anti-HIV drug regimen for the suppression of HIV.
| Condition | Intervention | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
HIV Infections |
Drug: Enfuvirtide Drug: Raltegravir Drug: Darunavir Drug: Tipranavir Drug: Etravirine Drug: Maraviroc |
Phase 3 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has indicated that access to an investigational treatment associated with this study is available outside the clinical trial.
| Study Type: | Interventional |
| Study Design: | Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
| Official Title: | The Optimized Treatment That Includes or Omit NRTIs Trial: A Randomized Strategy Study for HIV-1-Infected Treatment-Experienced Subjects Using the cPSS to Select an Effective Regimen |
- Time to regimen failure [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Toxicity, as defined as time to first Grade 3 or higher (and one grade higher than baseline) signs/symptom or laboratory abnormality [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
- Tolerability, as defined as time to first dose modification, time to permanent discontinuation of all study drugs [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Time to abandoning randomized NRTI strategy [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Time to virological failure, as defined by the protocol [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
- Binary variable indication if viral load is less than 50 copies/ml [ Time Frame: At Weeks 24, 48, and 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Change in viral load [ Time Frame: From study entry to Week 1 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Binary variable indicating acquisition of drug resistance mutations to any of the study agents [ Time Frame: At time of virologic failure ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Change in summarized quality of life score [ Time Frame: At study entry and Weeks 24, 48, and 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Binomial indicator of "perfect" adherence to assigned ARVs [ Time Frame: At Weeks 24 and 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Change in cardiovascular risk score and fasting lipid values [ Time Frame: At Weeks 24, 48, and 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Change in CD4 count [ Time Frame: From study entry to Week 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Time to serious non-AIDS events [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
- Change in virus coreceptor tropism among those with R5-only tropic virus in Step 1 [ Time Frame: From study entry to time of virological failure and Weeks 24, 48, and 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- HIV-1 co-receptor tropism [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Binary indicator of undetectable CSF HIV-1 RNA [ Time Frame: At or after Week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Summarized continuous neuro-cognitive performance Z-scores [ Time Frame: Through Week 96 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Binary variable indicating whether CSF ARV drug concentrations are above the population median [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- CPE score (CNS penetration effectiveness) [ Time Frame: Throughout study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
| Enrollment: | 517 |
| Study Start Date: | January 2008 |
| Estimated Primary Completion Date: | May 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
| Arms | Assigned Interventions |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: A
Regimen with higher predicted activity assigned by the study plus at least 2 NRTIs assigned by the study for 96 weeks. A 3-4 drug regimen will be selected from the drugs listed to the right.
|
Drug: Enfuvirtide
One tablet twice daily
Drug: Raltegravir
400 mg twice daily
Drug: Darunavir
Two 300-mg tablets twice daily
Drug: Tipranavir
Two 250-mg capsules twice daily
Drug: Etravirine
Two 100-mg tablets twice daily
Drug: Maraviroc
Dosage dependent on regimen in which maraviroc is included
|
|
Experimental: B
Regimen with higher predicted activity assigned by the study without NRTIs for 96 weeks. A 3-4 drug regimen will be selected from the drugs listed to the right.
|
Drug: Enfuvirtide
One tablet twice daily
Drug: Raltegravir
400 mg twice daily
Drug: Darunavir
Two 300-mg tablets twice daily
Drug: Tipranavir
Two 250-mg capsules twice daily
Drug: Etravirine
Two 100-mg tablets twice daily
Drug: Maraviroc
Dosage dependent on regimen in which maraviroc is included
|
|
Active Comparator: C
Regimen with higher predicted activity assigned plus at least 2 NRTIs by the study for 96 weeks. A 3-4 drug regimen will be selected from the drugs listed to the right.
|
Drug: Enfuvirtide
One tablet twice daily
Drug: Raltegravir
400 mg twice daily
Drug: Darunavir
Two 300-mg tablets twice daily
Drug: Tipranavir
Two 250-mg capsules twice daily
Drug: Etravirine
Two 100-mg tablets twice daily
Drug: Maraviroc
Dosage dependent on regimen in which maraviroc is included
|
Detailed Description:
Two or more fully active antiretrovirals (ARVs) are recommended for successful suppression of HIV. In people infected with resistant HIV virus, finding two drugs that are fully active against HIV can be a challenge. However, the new generation of anti-HIV drugs has been designed to suppress drug-resistant HIV. These drugs include the FDA-approved protease inhibitors (PIs) darunavir and tipranavir, the investigational non-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor (nNRTI) etravirine, the FDA-approved fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide, the recently FDA-approved CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc, and the investigational integrase inhibitor raltegravir. Also, it is not yet known whether multiple, partially-active drugs have the same rate of success in suppressing HIV. The purpose of this study is to use HIV resistance testing to predict the potency of a suggested ARV regimen using second generation ARVs and determine if the benefits of adding NRTIs to this new drug regimen outweigh the risks of drug toxicity and pill burden. All participants will have treatment experience or resistance to NRTIs, nNRTIs, and PIs, and who are receiving novel agents.
This study will have 2 steps and 3 arms. It will last for at least 75 days for all participants and will last an additional 96 weeks for those who continue to Step 2. In Step 1, all participants will remain on their current drug regimen. During this time, phenotypic and genotypic HIV resistance tests will be performed on participants' blood samples, as well as a coreceptor tropism assay. Using this information and medication history, the study team will determine the best new regimen options for each participant. Each clinician, along with the study participant, will then chose a new regimen based on the recommendations of the study team and the participant's preference.
Step 2 will begin when participants begin their new regimen. Stratification between Arms A and B or Arm C will be based on predicted activity of the new regimen. Those assigned to a regimen with higher predicted activity will be randomly assigned to Arm A or B; those assigned a regimen predicted to have lower activity will be assigned to Arm C.
Participants in Arms A and C will take their new assigned study regimen plus at least 2 NRTIs for 96 weeks. Participants in Arm B will take their new assigned study regimen with no NRTIs for 96 weeks. Participants in Arms A and B who reach virologic failure before 96 weeks will discontinue the study. Participants in Arm C who reach virologic failure before 96 weeks will remain in the study.
All participants will have 11 clinical visits. At each visit, blood collection will occur. At some visits, urine collection and quality of life and adherence questionnaires will occur. A neurocognitive assessment will occur for all participants who enter Step 2. Participants may also consent to have cerebrospinal fluid collected via lumbar puncture upon entering Step 2 and/or at Week 24. Those participants who consent to cerebrospinal fluid collection will also have neurocognitive assessments at the times of collections. Participants will be responsible for obtaining certain ARVs not provided by the study, including the ARVs they take in Step 1 and depending on which arm of Step 2 they are in.
Eligibility| Ages Eligible for Study: | 16 Years and older |
| Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria for Step 1:
- HIV-1 infection
- Triple-class drug experience or resistance. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
- Currently on a failing PI-containing regimen that includes 2 other ARVs with no regimen change for 8 weeks prior to study screening
- HIV viral load of 1000 copies/ml or more
- Hepatitis B surface antigen negative within 90 days of study entry
- Able to obtain NRTIs and ritonavir and have required ARVs at time of entry to Step 2
- Willing to use acceptable forms of contraception
- Parent or legal guardian willing to provide consent, if applicable
- CD4 count result from a specimen drawn within 120 days prior to study entry
- If any previous HIV-1 viral co-receptor tropism result is available, then most recent specimen date and the tropism result of that specimen AND specimen date and tropism result of any test with either X4 or D/M result, if different from the first specimen, must be available
Inclusion Criteria for Step 2:
- Receipt of successful phenotype/genotype resistance results within 105 days prior to entry into Step 2
- Study team identification of a study regimen and at least 2 NRTIs for participant to take in Step 2
- Currently on the same failing PI-containing regimen for the entire duration of Step 1 that includes at least 2 other ARVs besides the PI
- Certain abnormal laboratory values. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
- Willing to use accepted forms of contraception
Exclusion Criteria for Step 1:
- Chronic, active hepatitis B virus infection (hepatitis B surface antigen positive or HBV DNA positive)
- Prior use of any integrase inhibitor
- Taking certain medications. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
- Known allergy/sensitivity to components of two or more of the study-provided drugs or their formulations. For maraviroc, this includes hypersensitivity or history of allergy to soy lecithin or peanuts.
- Active drug or alcohol use that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with the study
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Exclusion Criteria for Step 2:
- Has participated for 76 days or more in Step 1
- Use of any immunomodulator (interferons, interleukins, systemic corticosteroids, or cyclosporine), vaccine, or investigational therapy within 30 days of entry to Step 2
- Require certain medications prohibited with study treatment
- Serious illness requiring systemic treatment or hospitalization. Participants who complete therapy or are clinically stable on therapy for at least 14 days prior to Step 2 entry are not excluded.
Contacts and Locations
Show 63 Study Locations| Study Chair: | Karen T. Tashima, MD | Brown University |
| Study Chair: | Richard H. Haubrich, MD | Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSD Antiviral Research Center |
More Information
Additional Information:
Publications:
| Responsible Party: | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00537394 History of Changes |
| Other Study ID Numbers: | A5241, 10395, ACTG A5241, OPTIONS |
| Study First Received: | September 27, 2007 |
| Last Updated: | April 8, 2013 |
| Health Authority: | United States: Food and Drug Administration |
Keywords provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):
|
Treatment Experienced |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
|
HIV Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Lentivirus Infections Retroviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases Slow Virus Diseases Enfuvirtide Tipranavir |
Darunavir HIV Fusion Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Pharmacologic Actions Anti-HIV Agents Anti-Retroviral Agents Antiviral Agents Anti-Infective Agents Therapeutic Uses HIV Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 18, 2013