This is not a study that recruits from the general population. This study is selectively offered to eligible patients who are scheduled for a Pre-pancreas Transplant evaluation visit at the University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview Transplant Center. If interested in learning more, contact the Transplant Center for more information.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pancreas Transplantation. The patients considered for recruitment are those being evaluated for pancreas transplant alone or pancreas transplant after kidney transplantation in IDDM patients at the University of Minnesota (U of M). The consent forms have been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Minnesota and the transplant coordinators responsible for interacting with patients have continuously utilized these consent forms in the recruitment process.
2. Long-Term Post Kidney Transplant IDDM Patients. These patients are recruited by a study coordinator working directly with the PI and also use consent forms approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Minnesota.

Exclusion Criteria:

Pancreas Transplantation Alone

1. Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl or CCr <50 ml/min/1.73M2, as kidneys in such IDDM patients are approaching end stage renal disease and are not readily amenable to morphometric analysis.
2. Solitary kidneys or evidence of unilateral renal disease, based upon significant discrepancies in renal size by ultrasound.
3. Evidence of other important kidney disease by history, ultrasound, or baseline biopsy.
4. Other chronic diseases or conditions, in addition to IDDM, such as cystic fibrosis, serious mental illness, severe mental retardation, etc.
5. Pregnancy. Pregnancy tests will be performed on all eligible females of child-bearing age, and pregnant women will be excluded. Patients will again be eligible 3 months after completion of pregnancy.

Pancreas Transplantation After Kidney Transplantation

1. Serum creatinine >2 mg/dl; a higher value is accepted than for native kidney patients since patients have a single kidney and are receiving CSA or FK506.
2. Moderate to severe chronic rejection on baseline biopsy.
3. Evidence of other important kidney disease by history, ultrasound, or baseline biopsy.
4. Other chronic diseases or conditions, in addition to IDDM, such as cystic fibrosis, serious mental illness, severe mental retardation, etc.
5. Pregnancy. Pregnancy tests will be performed on all eligible females of child-bearing age, and pregnant women will be excluded. Patients will again be eligible 3 months after completion of pregnancy.