Kaletra Sex/Gender Pharmacokinetics (PK) Study: A Switch From Twice Daily to Once Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Recruitment status was Recruiting
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Purpose
The levels of lopinavir achieved in the blood following oral ingestion of standard doses of Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) is the same among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-infected women being treated with this drug.
| Condition | Intervention | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
HIV Infections |
Drug: Kaletra |
Phase 4 |
| Study Type: | Interventional |
| Study Design: | Allocation: Non-Randomized Endpoint Classification: Pharmacokinetics Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Educational/Counseling/Training |
| Official Title: | A Switch From Twice Daily to Once Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir: A 24-Hour Pharmacokinetic Profile to Evaluate Sex Differences |
- To compare the 24-hour pharmacokinetic profile of lopinavir (LPV) following a switch from LPV/ritonavir (r) twice daily (BID) to once daily (QD) dosing among HIV-infected men and women
- To compare the 24-hour pharmacokinetic profile of LPV following a switch from LPV/r BID to QD dosing among HIV-infected Caucasian and African American patients
- To evaluate the tolerability of LPV/r (measured as toxicity grade of diarrhea) dosed BID compared with LPV/r dosed QD
- To evaluate changes in quality of life from baseline and 2 weeks following a switch from LPV/r BID to QD dosing
| Estimated Enrollment: | 40 |
| Study Start Date: | June 2005 |
The association between patient sex and the tolerability of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) is increasingly being recognized. Several lines of evidence suggest that women are more likely than men to develop side effects to ARVs. On the other hand, it has been generally accepted that the efficacies of the ARVs are similar in both sexes. However, recent studies suggest that this may not always be the case. In addition to these observed sex-related differences in the effects of ARVs, there is growing evidence that the pharmacokinetic profile of some of these drugs may be different among male and female HIV infected patients.
The fact that female sex is a risk factor for enhanced antiretroviral effects (including toxicities) has an important implication, particularly from a global health perspective as women now represent the fastest growing segment of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Therefore, an understanding of the magnitude, clinical significance, and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon deserves further study. Knowledge acquired from such studies will likely contribute to improved survival among female HIV-infected patients, through optimization of antiretroviral therapeutic regimens in manners that minimize serious adverse effects and improve adherence.
Similarly, the influence of race on the pharmacological effects of ARVs deserves further investigation. Although, there is no reason to believe based on available evidence that racial differences exist in the pharmacological effects of ARVs, the need however exists to explore the influence of race on ARVs pharmacokinetics and treatment outcomes. This is so because data on race related differences on ARV effects is limited, and in addition, people of ethnic minority have been disproportionately under represented in clinical trials involving these drugs in spite of the fact that they bear a larger burden of the HIV epidemic.
Our study will examine the influence of race and sex on the 24-hr pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir (an antiretroviral agent commonly used in naïve patients) following a switch from LPV/r 400/100 mg BID to 800/200 mg QD dosing. Tolerability (measured by toxicity grade of diarrhea) and change in quality of life following switch from BID to QD dosing will also be assessed using appropriate validated measurement tools.
Eligibility| Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older |
| Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age greater or equal to 18 years
- Diagnosis of HIV infection as previously established by HIV Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test and confirmed by Western blot analysis.
- Must have been taking LPV/r as part of an antiretroviral regimen at a dose of 400/100 mg orally twice per day for at least 3 months.
- Recent (within last 90 days) HIV-RNA copies must be less than 400 copies/ml
Exclusion Criteria:
- Hepatic abnormality: alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) or total bilirubin (TBR) ≥ 3 x upper limit of normal
- Renal insufficiency: serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dl
- Co-infection with hepatitis B and/or C viruses
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- Use of concurrent medications known to affect lopinavir or ritonavir concentrations significantly.
Contacts and Locations| Contact: Igho Ofotokun, MD, MSc | 404-616-0659 | iofotok@emory.edu |
| United States, Georgia | |
| Grady Infectious Diseases Program | Recruiting |
| Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30308 | |
| Contact: Igho Ofotokun, MD, MSc 404-616-0659 iofotok@emory.edu | |
| Principal Investigator: Igho Ofotokun, MD, MSc | |
| Sub-Investigator: Jeffrey L Lennox, MD | |
| Principal Investigator: | Igho Ofotokun, MD, MSc | Emory University |
More Information
No publications provided
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00148759 History of Changes |
| Other Study ID Numbers: | GCRC0605G, UPN 04092824 |
| Study First Received: | September 6, 2005 |
| Last Updated: | February 9, 2006 |
| Health Authority: | United States: Institutional Review Board |
Keywords provided by Emory University:
|
Sex differences Pharmacokinetic Lopinavir/ritonavir Treatment Experienced HIV-infection |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
|
HIV Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Lentivirus Infections Retroviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases Slow Virus Diseases Ritonavir |
Lopinavir HIV Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Pharmacologic Actions Anti-HIV Agents Anti-Retroviral Agents Antiviral Agents Anti-Infective Agents Therapeutic Uses |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 22, 2013