Induction Chemotherapy Followed By Chemoradiotherapy in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum - Full Text View

Sponsor:	Southwest Oncology Group
Collaborator:	National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Information provided by:	National Cancer Institute (NCI)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00070434

Purpose

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as irinotecan, leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin, use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Combining radiation therapy with chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells.

PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well different regimens of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy work in treating patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

Condition	Intervention	Phase
Colorectal Cancer	Drug: FOLFIRI regimen Drug: FOLFOX regimen Drug: capecitabine Drug: fluorouracil Drug: irinotecan hydrochloride Drug: leucovorin calcium Drug: oxaliplatin Radiation: radiation therapy	Phase II

Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Treatment, Open Label
Official Title:	A Phase II Feasibility Translational Research Trial of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concomitant Chemoradiation in Patients With Clinical T4 Rectal Cancer

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: Cancer Colorectal Cancer

Drug Information available for: Fluorouracil Leucovorin Citrovorum factor Oxaliplatin Irinotecan U 101440E Irinotecan hydrochloride Capecitabine Leucovorin Calcium Folinic acid calcium salt pentahydrate

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by National Cancer Institute (NCI):

Primary Outcome Measures:

Response (confirmed and unconfirmed response, complete response, partial response) [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Study Start Date:

August 2004

Detailed Description:

OBJECTIVES:

Determine the feasibility of obtaining a pre-treatment determination of intratumoral molecular markers (TS, DPD, and ERCC-1) for use in selection of the appropriate regimen for induction cytotoxic combination chemotherapy in patients with cT3-4 rectal adenocarcinoma.
Determine the response probability (unconfirmed, complete and partial) in patients treated with targeted induction cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Determine the toxicity of targeted induction cytotoxic chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in these patients.
Determine the response probability in these patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study.

Induction chemotherapy: Patients are assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups based on molecular analysis of the pretreatment tumor specimen.
- Group I (lower likelihood of resistance to a fluorouracil-based regimen): Patients receive irinotecan IV over 90 minutes and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV over 46 hours beginning on day 1.
- Group II (higher likelihood of resistance to a fluorouracil-based regimen): Patients receive oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and irinotecan IV over 90 minutes on day 1.
- Group III (high likelihood of sensitivity to oxaliplatin and fluorouracil therapy): Patients receive oxaliplatin IV over 90 minutes and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1 and fluorouracil IV over 46 hours beginning on day 1.

Treatment in all groups repeats every 2 weeks for 4 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Patients are evaluated for response approximately 2 weeks after the completion of induction chemotherapy. Patients with stable disease or better receive chemoradiotherapy.

Chemoradiotherapy: Beginning approximately 3 weeks after the completion of induction chemotherapy, patients receive oral capecitabine twice daily continuously for 5 weeks and concurrent radiotherapy once daily 5 days a week for 5 weeks.

After chemoradiotherapy, patients may undergo attempted surgical resection at the discretion of the treating physician.

Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year and then every 6 months for 2 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 10-65 patients will be accrued for this study.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:	18 Years and older
Genders Eligible for Study:	Both
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

Histologically confirmed primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum
Locally advanced disease (clinical T3-4, N0-2, M0) based on at least 1 of the following criteria:
- Clinically fixed tumors on rectal examination with tumor adherent to the pelvic sidewall and/or sacrum
- Sciatica attributed to sacral root invasion with CT scan/MRI evidence of the lack of clear tissue plane is considered evidence of fixation
- Hydronephrosis on CT scan or intravenous pyelogram of ureteric or bladder invasion by cystoscopy and cytology or biopsy
- Invasion into the prostate, vagina, or uterus
Transmural penetration of tumor through the muscularis propria as evidenced by CT scan or MRI and endorectal ultrasound
Distal border of the tumor must be at or below the peritoneal reflection (within 12 cm of the anal verge) by proctoscopic examination
Measurable disease by x-ray, scans, or physical examination
Available tumor tissue to determine molecular profile of the tumor before study treatment
No clinical evidence of high-grade (lumen diameter < 1 cm) large bowel obstruction unless a diverting colostomy has been performed

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

18 and over

Performance status

Zubrod 0-2

Life expectancy

Not specified

Hematopoietic

WBC ≥ 3,500/mm^3
Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mm^3
Platelet count ≥100,000/mm^3

Hepatic

Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
SGOT or SGPT ≤ 2.5 times ULN
Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times ULN

Renal

See Disease Characteristics
Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN OR
Estimated creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min

Cardiovascular

No significant cardiac disease
No recent myocardial infarction

Gastrointestinal

See Disease Characteristics
Able to swallow oral medication
No active inflammatory bowel disease

Other

Not pregnant or nursing
Fertile patients must use effective contraception
No other malignancy within the past 5 years except adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix
No prior unanticipated severe reaction to study drugs
No known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
No serious uncontrolled infection
No other serious medical illness that would preclude study treatment

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

Not specified

Chemotherapy

No prior chemotherapy for colon or rectal cancer

Endocrine therapy

Not specified

Radiotherapy

No prior pelvic radiotherapy
No prior intra-operative radiotherapy or brachytherapy
No concurrent intra-operative radiotherapy or brachytherapy
No concurrent intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Surgery

See Disease Characteristics
See Radiotherapy

Contacts and Locations

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00070434

Sponsors and Collaborators

Southwest Oncology Group

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Investigators

Investigator:	Charles R. Thomas, MD	University of Texas
Investigator:	Heinz-Josef Lenz, MD	USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Investigator:	Robert P. Whitehead, MD	University of Texas
Investigator:	James L. Abbruzzese, MD	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Investigator:	Stephen R. Smalley, MD	Radiation Oncology Center of Olathe
Investigator:	Morton S. Kahlenberg, MD	University of Texas

More Information

Additional Information:

Clinical trial summary from the National Cancer Institute's PDQ® database This link exits the ClinicalTrials.gov site

No publications provided

Study ID Numbers:	CDR0000334469, SWOG-S0304
Study First Received:	October 3, 2003
Last Updated:	February 6, 2009
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00070434 History of Changes
Health Authority:	United States: Federal Government

Keywords provided by National Cancer Institute (NCI):

stage II rectal cancer
stage III rectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the rectum

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Antimetabolites
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
Immunologic Factors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Antineoplastic Agents
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Rectal Neoplasms
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Colonic Diseases
Irinotecan
Leucovorin
Rectal Diseases
Oxaliplatin
Neoplasms by Site
Vitamins

Therapeutic Uses
Micronutrients
Capecitabine
Vitamin B Complex
Digestive System Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Growth Substances
Enzyme Inhibitors
Intestinal Diseases
Immunosuppressive Agents
Pharmacologic Actions
Intestinal Neoplasms
Camptothecin
Carcinoma
Neoplasms

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on November 27, 2009