OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the antiemetic effect of ondansetron vs placebo in patients with advanced cancer who suffer from chronic nausea and emesis that is not due to antineoplastic therapy (i.e., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic therapy). II. Determine the toxicity of ondansetron in these patients. III. Evaluate the use of other concurrent antiemetics in these patients when treated with this regimen.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to abdominal carcinomatosis (yes vs no), renal insufficiency (creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dL vs creatinine at least 2.0 mg/dL), type of cancer (brain vs gastrointestinal vs other), and narcotic use (yes vs no). Patients are randomized to one of two treatment arms. Arm I: Patients receive oral ondansetron twice daily on days 1-7 and oral placebo twice daily on days 8-14 in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Arm II: Patients receive oral placebo twice daily on days 1-7 and oral ondansetron twice daily on days 8-14 in the absence of unacceptable toxicity.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 100 patients (50 per arm) will be accrued for this study within 1 year.

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Diagnosis of incurable cancer with chronic nausea and vomiting lasting at least 1 week that is not due to antineoplastic therapy (i.e., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic therapy) Nausea not adequately controlled by standard antiemetics

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: Not specified Performance status: Not specified Life expectancy: At least 6 weeks Hematopoietic: Not specified Hepatic: Not specified Renal: Not specified Cardiovascular: No uncontrolled hypertension Other: Not pregnant or nursing Able to take oral medication (feeding tube allowed) Able to swallow own saliva No prior phenylketonuria No known allergy or intolerance to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists No bowel obstruction

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: See Disease Characteristics Chemotherapy: See Disease Characteristics At least 2 weeks since prior cytotoxic systemic therapy No concurrent cytotoxic systemic therapy Endocrine therapy: Not specified Radiotherapy: See Disease Characteristics At least 2 weeks since prior radiotherapy to gastrointestinal tract No concurrent radiotherapy to gastrointestinal tract Surgery: Not specified Other: At least 2 weeks since prior 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (i.e., dolasetron, granisetron, or ondansetron) No other concurrent 5-HT3 receptor antagonists Other concurrent antiemetics allowed