Inclusion Criteria

Patients must have the following:

• Diagnosis of AIDS with a case defining infection other than Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
• Written informed consent.
• Females of childbearing potential must also sign a special informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following conditions or symptoms are excluded:

• Known hypersensitivity to rifabutin, rifampin, other rifamycins, zidovudine or didanosine (ddI).
• Previous or current infection due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease as evaluated by two successive blood cultures and two successive stool cultures taken within 14 days prior to study initiation.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

• Antiretroviral agents other than zidovudine (AZT).
• Didanosine (ddI).
• Antimycobacterial therapy.
• Rifampin.
• Isoniazid.
• Clofazimine.
• Ethambutol.
• Cycloserine.
• Ethionamide.
• Amikacin.
• Ciprofloxacin.
• Streptomycin.
• Other investigational drugs.
• If antimicrobial therapy is required to treat bacterial infections (= or < 14 days), Adria Laboratories must be contacted prior to initiation of therapy.

Patients with the following are excluded:

• Known hypersensitivity to rifabutin, rifampin, other rifamycins, zidovudine (AZT), or didanosine (ddI).
• Previous or current Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection.
• Perceived patient unreliability or unavailability for frequent monitoring.

Prior Medication:

Excluded within 4 weeks of study entry:

• Antiretroviral agents other than zidovudine (AZT) or didanosine (ddI).
• Antimycobacterial therapy.
• Rifampin.
• Isoniazid.
• Clofazimine.
• Ethambutol.
• Cycloserine.
• Ethionamide.
• Amikacin.
• Ciprofloxacin.

Required:

• Zidovudine (AZT).
• Antipneumocystis prophylactic therapy.

Required for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry:

• Zidovudine (AZT) or didanosine (ddI).
• Antipneumocystis prophylaxis.