A Pilot Study of the Short-Term Effects of Antiretroviral Management Based on Plasma Genotypic Antiretroviral Resistance Testing (GART) Compared With Antiretroviral Management Without Plasma GART

HIV-infected participants currently failing their antiretroviral regimens

Inclusion Criteria

Patients must have:

• Documentation of a CD4+ cell count between 50 and 500/mm3 prior to the baseline visit [within 6 weeks prior to baseline visit AS PER AMENDMENT 9/17/97].
• Documentation of either a plasma HIV RNA > 50,000 copies/ml by the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 assay or > 25,000 copies/ml by the Chiron bDNA assay, performed within 30 days prior to the baseline visit. [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/17/97: Documentation of either a plasma HIV RNA level >20,000 copies/ml by the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 assay or >10,000 copies/ml by the Chiron bDNA assay, performed within 6 weeks prior to baseline visit.]
• Documentation of a 3-fold rise in plasma HIV RNA level (using the same assay) or a previously documented plasma HIV RNA at an undetectable level while on the current antiretroviral regimen. [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/17/97: Documentation that the screening plasma HIV RNA level is a 3-fold rise from a previous determination (using the same assay) or documentation of a previous plasma HIV RNA <500 copies/ml while on the current antiretroviral regimen.]
• Signed, informed consent from a parent or legal guardian for patients < 18 years of age.

Prior Medication: Included:

• At least an 18-month cumulative history of antiretroviral therapy [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/17/97: At least a 12-month cumulative history of antiretroviral therapy].

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following conditions are excluded:

• Intercurrent illness (which in the clinician's judgment could influence the HIV RNA level) within 2 weeks prior to, or since, obtaining blood for the screening HIV RNA measurement [within 2 weeks prior to obtaining screening HIV RNA specimen or within 2 weeks prior to baseline visit AS PER AMENDMENT 11/26/97].
• Unwillingness or inability to change antiretroviral therapy.
• Unwillingness to wait up to 30 days after the GART baseline visit to change current triple treatment therapy regimen [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/17/97: Unwillingness to wait until baseline plasma GART results are available to change the current triple therapy regimen].
• Accessibility to previous genotypic or phenotypic resistance testing results.
• Co-enrollment in a clinical trial with anti-HIV drugs.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

• Agents with anti-HIV activity.
• Initiation of treatment with IL-2, interferon, or adefovir dipivoxil.
• Anti-influenza or other vaccines.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

[AS PER AMENDMENT 11/26/97:

• Use of immunomodulators within 2 weeks prior to obtaining the screening plasma HIV RNA specimen or within 2 weeks prior to the baseline visit.
• Use of any anti-HIV agents, other than drugs in the qualifying triple antiretroviral regimen, within the past 16 weeks.]

Patients must currently be on one of the following triple antiretroviral regimens for at least 16 weeks:

• ZDV + 3TC + IDV
• ZDV + 3TC + SQV
• ZDV + 3TC + RTV
• d4T + 3TC + IDV. [AS PER AMENDMENT 11/26/97: Patients must currently be on a triple antiretroviral regimen that includes a single protease inhibitor (IDV, SQV, RTV, or NFV) and two licensed NRTIs for at least 16 weeks.]

Concurent Treatment: Excluded:

• Vaccination within 2 weeks prior to, or since, obtaining blood for the screening HIV RNA measurement [within 2 weeks prior to obtaining screening plasma HIV RNA specimen or within 2 weeks prior to the baseline visit AS PER AMENDMENT 11/26/97].