Yoga in an Urban School for Children With Emotional Behavioral Disorders

• Behavior Assessment Scale for Children (BASC). [ Time Frame: 1 year. The classroom teachers filled out the BASC pre- and post-intervention on each participant. This took place June 2009, after the yoga intervention took place. Has been completed ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  The BASC was chosen to track the effect of the yoga intervention on classroom behavior. The BASC is a tool tht is frequently used within the school setting to track classroom behavior and overall wellbeing of students. The BASC has been shown to have adequate reliability and validity based on concurrence with similar scales (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992). Subscales include anxiety, aggression, attention problems, hyperactivity, conduct problems, depression, withdrawal and social skills.
  
  
• The Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn & Pelham Rating Scale (SKAMP) [ Time Frame: One year. The teachers filled out the SKAMP pre- and post-intervetnion to assess participants focus in class. This took place June 2009, after the yoga interveniton. Has been completed. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  The SKAMP was used for teachers to assess classroom attention. The SKAMP is a validated teacher observation assessment rating scale composed of 10 items, designed to describe classroom behavior and attention (Gansle et al., 2004; Sharon, Wigal, & Wigal, 2006).The SKAMP is used to monitor interventions and has been shown to be sensitive to change (McBurnett, Swanson, Pfiffner, & Tam, 1997).
  
  

• The Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn & Pelham Rating Scale (SKAMP) [ Time Frame: The classroom teachers filled out the SKAMP pre- and post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  The SKAMP was filled out by classroom teachers to assess students' ability to pay attention in class. It is a validated teacher observation assessment rating scale composed of 10 items, designed to describe classroom behavior and attention (Gansle et al., 2004; Sharon, Wigal, & Wigal, 2006).The SKAMP is used to monitor interventions and has been shown to be sensitive to change (McBurnett, Swanson, Pfiffner, & Tam, 1997).
  
  

Participants: children in 4th and 5th grade at an urban elementary school, identified by the special education director and the teaching staff, as having emotional behavioral disorders including anxiety, depression, aggression, conduct disorder, hyperactivity and attention difficulties. These grades have a combined student population of 160 students. Enrolled over two years.

Inclusion/Exclusion criteria:

Eligible if identified by the teaching staff or special education director as having an emotional behavioral disorder. Exclusion criteria: inability to comprehend English sufficiently to complete written assessments and follow the yoga intervention.

Pre- and post-intervention assessments (teachers)

1. Behavior Assessment Scale for Children (BASC).
2. The Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn & Pelham Rating Scale (SKAMP)