• The goal of this clinical research study is to look at what effects the drug celecoxib (Celebrex™) has on the blood and tissues of patients who have previously been treated for early stage NSCLC or HNSCC. [ Time Frame: 3 Years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• The side effects of celecoxib will also be studied. [ Time Frame: 3 Years ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  

In order to enroll in this trial, you must also be enrolled in Protocol 2003-0424. The study procedures and tests that are part of this study are the same procedures and tests that are part of Protocol 2003-0424. Even though a procedure or test is described in both this consent and the consent for Protocol 2003-0424, you will only have the described procedure or test done once. For example, both this study and Protocol 2003-0424 require a complete physical exam before beginning treatment. In this case, you will only have one physical exam that will count for both studies.

Celecoxib is a drug that slows the production of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation. Celecoxib works by interfering with the action of the chemical cyclooxygenase, a chemical that is involved in inflammation. It is believed that the product of chemicals that cause inflammation may be involved in cancer development.

Before treatment starts, you will have a complete physical exam, including measurement of height, weight, blood pressure, and vital signs. You will have blood samples drawn for routine blood tests (about 3 teaspoons) and for research purposes (about 4 teaspoons) . Women who are able to have children must have a negative pregnancy test (blood or urine). You will also have a chest x-ray and a CT scan of your chest.

You will also have a bronchoscopy (tissue sample from the lung) at the beginning of this study for lab analysis. For this procedure, you will be given drugs to relax. Then, a local anesthetic will be sprayed in your nose and throat to numb those areas. A slim, flexible tube with a light will be placed through your nose or mouth and into your lungs. Tweezers will be fed through the tube to collect lung tissue (biopsy) samples from 6 different places in your lungs. During the bronchoscopy procedure, a complete inspection of the airways will be performed. Any suspicious areas that are seen under the white-light and autofluorescence bronchoscopy will be identified and more biopsies and brushings will be performed to evaluate whether any pre-cancerous tissue is present. You will also have a bronchial brushing next to each biopsy site. In a bronchial brushing, a small brush is fed through the tube into your lungs and a sample of lung tissue is gently scraped off. When the biopsies and brushings are done, you will have a bronchial lavage (bronchial washing). In the bronchial lavage, a small amount of water (about 4 tablespoons) is sprayed into your lungs and then suctioned out through the tube. This fluid is used to collect additional tissue and mucous samples. In addition, a sputum (saliva) sample will be taken and the inside of your cheek will be scraped (buccal sample).

If you have had HNSCC, you will also have a laryngoscopy. In a laryngoscopy, a lighted tube is placed down your throat and the larynx is checked. The back of your throat will be sprayed with an anesthetic before this procedure to make the procedure more comfortable.

In this study you will be randomly assigned (as in the toss of a coin) to one of two groups. Participants in one group will receive celecoxib. Participants in the other group will receive no treatment. Current standard practice for individuals who have had therapy for early stage NSCLC or HNSCC is follow-up (no treatment). You have a 2 to 1 chance of being assigned to the treatment group. That means that 2 out of every 3 participants in this study will be assigned to the treatment group.

If you are assigned to the treatment group you will take celecoxib by mouth in two divided doses at least 8 hours apart every day. Your study doctor will tell you exactly how many pills you should take each day. You will take celecoxib for up to 12 months. You will be taken off study if intolerable side effects occur or if the disease comes back.

If you are assigned to the treatment (celecoxib) group, you will have a physical exam by a physician or nurse at months 3, 6, and 12 for the first year of treatment. If you are assigned to the "no treatment" group, the nurse will contact you by phone every 3 months for the first year on this study to see how you are doing and you will have a physical exam by either a physician or a nurse every 6 months. During the first year, all participants will have blood samples taken at each clinic visit for routine blood tests (about 3 teaspoons) and for research purposes (about 4 teaspoons). In addition, all participants will have a chest x-ray and chest CT at months 6 and 12. All participants will also have a bronchoscopy and provide sputum, saliva, and buccal smear samples at 12 months. If you have been treated for HNSCC, you will have a laryngoscopy at 12 months.

After the first year, you will be followed for a minimum of 2 more years and a maximum of 6 years. You will have physical exams at 24 and 36 months. You will have blood draws (about 3 teaspoons for routine tests and 4 teaspoons for research purposes), a chest x-ray and a chest CT at 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. After 36 months, you will have a physical exam by a physician or nurse every 6 months for up to 6 years. Every 12 months the physical exam will be done by a physician. The other physical exams will be done by a nurse. You will have blood drawn for routine tests (about 3 teaspoons) and research purposes (about 4 teaspoons) every 12 months.

This research study includes two bronchoscopies done one year apart. These bronchoscopies are being done primarily for research purposes and are unlikely to provide information useful in your individual treatment. These bronchoscopies do have risks associated with them. These risks are described in section 4 of this informed consent document.

Recent research on early stage NSCLC indicates that adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery increases the length of time a person may survive and the length of time before cancer recurs. However, this adjuvant chemotherapy also has side effects that can be severe and in rare cases fatal. If you have had surgery for NSCLC and wish to receive adjuvant chemotherapy, you may only enroll in this study and Protocol 2003-0424 after you have completed the adjuvant chemotherapy.

As part of this study you will provide samples of your lung tissue, saliva, blood, and scrapings from the inside of your cheek. Fluid and mucous collected during the bronchoscopies will also collected. These samples will be studied by scientists to learn about genes and proteins in people who have been treated for early NSCLC or HNSCC. The samples will also be used to grow cells and cultures that will be used to test chemotherapy drugs. These cells and cultures will also be used to learn about genes and proteins.

All MDACC researchers are trained in the importance of maintaining patient privacy. Your privacy will be protected by assigning you a number that will be used in place of your name on documents that are part of this study. A list that links your name with your study number will be stored in a restricted file that may be accessed only with a password. Only a few essential research personnel have access to this password.

At the end of the study you will not be automatically notified of the research findings. If you wish to learn about the results, however, you may request them from the principal investigator:

Principal Investigator: Waun Ki Hong, MD 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 432 MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030

This is an investigational study. Celecoxib is a commonly used drug that is approved by the FDA for treatment of arthritis, colon polyps, and pain. The use of celecoxib to help prevent cancer is approved by the FDA for research only. Celecoxib will be provided free of charge during the study. All procedures that are required by this study and not covered by third party insurance will be paid for by this study. A total of up to 70 individuals will take part in this multicenter study. Up to 50 will be enrolled at UTMDACC.

This protocol is partially funded by a research grant from the US Department of Defense (DOD).