This study will examine clinical and immunologic data and HIV-1 RNA levels in banked serum specimens from HIV-infected pediatric patients previously enrolled on NCI protocol 88-C-0219, a phase I/II study of 2', 3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI). In the original study serum p24 antigen was used as the direct measurement of viral quantitation. Advances in understanding of HIV pathophysiology have demonstrated that HIV-1 RNA level as measured by quantitative RNA PCR is a far superior molecular tool for assessing viral replication and burden in vivo. Analysis of clinical, HIV-1 RNA and CD4 responses will be performed to identify patients with discordant surrogate marker responses to therapy, defined as: improvement in immunologic parameters in the setting of virologic non-response or failure. Correlation will then be made with short and long term clinical outcomes.

Following the initial analysis to identify patients with discordant responses, selenium levels, viral genotypic and phenotypic profiles of resistance to ddI, and in vitro viral fitness will be examined. These biologic parameters have recently been determined to potentially play an important role in clinical, immunologic and virologic HIV-related outcomes. Parameters will be examined in subsets of patients with the following surrogate marker response profiles: a.) immunologic and virologic responders; b.) immunologic and virologic non-responders; and c.) discordant immunologic and virologic responders. Specimens from the ddI monotherapy study were chosen for this analysis because a substantial body of clinical and immunologic data is available on patients up to 7 years.