Impact of Preterm Body Composition at Discharge on 2 Years Neurological Development (ASQ Evaluation) (EPIPOD)

• Fatty mass percentage at discharge by PEAPOD measurement [ Time Frame: PEAPOD measurement will be done at newborns discharge, at an expected average of 6.4 weeks hospitalization ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  After checking inclusion and non-inclusion criteria and obtaining oral informed consent from newborn legal authority or parents, PEAPOD assessment was leaded in the last week of hospitalization. Consisting in 2 repeated measurement, body composition estimation was completed by clinical and demographic data as neonatal nutrition (Parenteral nutrition pattern at Day 5, 10 and 21, and ASQ/BLR Neurodevelopmental assesmment at 2 years old).
• Children neurological development at 2 years old evaluated by Ages and stages questionnaires (ASQ) [ Time Frame: ASQ/BLR Neurodevelopmental assesmment at 2 years old. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

• body composition of preterm infants at discharge and full term newborns at 3 days of life [ Time Frame: PEAPOD measurement will be done at newborns discharge, at an expected average of 6.4 weeks hospitalization ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Relationship between body composition at discharge and that at 2 years [ Time Frame: PEAPOD measurement will be done at newborns discharge, at an expected average of 6.4 weeks hospitalization ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Impact of fatty mass percentage at preterm newborns discharge on neurologic outcome assessed by a revised Brunet-Lezine test at 2 years. [ Time Frame: PEAPOD measurement will be done at newborns discharge, at an expected average of 6.4 weeks hospitalization ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Preterm infants feeding behavior at 2 years [ Time Frame: At 2 years old ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Factors (both intrinsic and nutritional) influencing body composition of preterm infants (<35 weeks gestation), at discharge [ Time Frame: factors influencing body composition report will be done at newborns discharge, at an expected average of 6.4 weeks hospitalization ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Neonatal nutritional management consists in reproducing miming uteri growth kinetic. Since the seventies, NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) strategy consists in a high proteidic input (apport) supposed to allow optimal neurodevelopment. However, nutritional practices and strategies have significantly evolved during these last years, influenced by Baker nutritional imprinting concept (2002). Actually, neonatal high proteidic exposition could perturb metabolism and hormonal systems of newborns conducting to a reinforcement of obesity and cardio-vascular pathology prevalence in this target population at adulthood. In this context many studies emerged since 2000 and try to assess the trade-off between neurodevelopment and growth under nutrition conditions. EPIPOD try to focus the link between heterogenous proteic input dispensed in our NICU (described by tercil methods on population) and fat mass phenotype variations at discharge (described by tercil methods); and its consequences on neurodevelopmental growth. Understanding how particular nutritional exposition could determine "fatty" phenotype and impact neurodevelopment is clearly our main goal.

Preterm infants (< 35 weeks gestation)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Preterm newborns (< 35 weeks gestation).
• Final clinical discharge (No transfer)
• Oral Parental consent.
• Nantes NICU Neonatal management in the first 5 days of life

Exclusion Criteria:

• Congenital pathology inconsistent with PEAPOD investigation (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, lipodystrophia with abnormal constitutional fat mass level).
• Pathology inducing neurodevelopment troubles.
• Transfer in an other hospital before discharge
• Hemodynamic or cardiovascular instability requiring continuous monitoring or perfusion, incompatible with PEAPOD measurement