TroVax® In Subjects With Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer (HRPC)

Based on both pre-clinical and clinical data, it may be advantageous to administer a cancer vaccine before chemotherapy to enhance immune responses, thus leading to a more effective therapeutic approach for subjects with metastatic HRPC. This clinical study will evaluate the role of combination therapy of TroVax® plus Docetaxel vs. Docetaxel alone on the progression free survival (PFS) of subjects with HRPC.

• Drug: Docetaxel
  Subjects will receive 10 cycles of Docetaxel alone until toxicity or progression.
• Drug: TroVax + Docetaxel
  Subjects will receive both TroVax plus 10 cycles of Docetaxel.

• Active Comparator: Docetaxel Alone
  Subjects will receive 10 cycles of Docetaxel alone until toxicity or progression.
  Intervention: Drug: Docetaxel
• Experimental: TroVax plus Docetaxel
  Subjects will receive both TroVax plus 10 cycles of Docetaxel.
  Intervention: Drug: TroVax + Docetaxel

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Signed & dated written informed consent obtained from subject in accordance w/local regulations.
2. Histologically confirmed conventional and/or mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate. If histological confirmation is not available, cytological confirmation will be permitted in lieu.
3. Must meet one of following 3 criteria for progressive disease following androgen deprivation:

A. Subjects w/nodal or visceral metastases:

Must have progressive disease defined by RECIST criteria or defined by the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group II (Scher et al. 2008).

B. Subjects w/no measurable disease:

PSA only disease must have an elevated PSA as defined by Consensus Criteria Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group II (Scher et al. 2008). PSA must indicate progressive disease defined as rising PSA values, at least 7 days apart, >2 ng/mL in the 28 days prior to randomization.

C. Subjects w/bone involvement:

New disease on bone scan as defined by Consensus Criteria Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group II (Scher et al. 2008). 4. Subjects on stable dose of bisphosphonates showing subsequent tumor progression may continue on this medication; however, subjects are not allowed to initiate bisphosphonate therapy w/in 28 days prior to starting study treatment at Week 1 or at any time after that during the study, 5. Must be clinically immunocompetent. Clinical immunocompetence assumed unless subject has been diagnosed as immunosuppressed, is receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy for oncology disorders, or is receiving immunosuppressive therapy following transplant, in which case they will be excluded.

6. Subject free of clinically apparent/active autoimmune disease (no prior confirmed diagnosis or treatment for autoimmune disease including Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Grave's Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Multiple Sclerosis, & Rheumatoid Arthritis).

7. Subject has adequate bone marrow function defined by Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) ≥ 500/µL, Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) >1200/µL, Platelet Count >100,000/µL.

8. Subject has peripheral neuropathy grade ≤1. 9. Subject has ECOG status of 0 or 1. 10. Minimum life expectancy ≥6 months. 11. Progressive disease (as defined above) must be documented after discontinuation of the hormonal and anti-androgen therapy.

12. Subject continues to stay on medical treatment such as LHRH agonists or LHRH antagonists to maintain testosterone value of <50ng/dL.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Subject has received prior chemotherapy for prostate cancer at any time. Subject has received chemotherapy for any other reason within five years of screening.
2. Subject is receiving any other hormonal therapy, including any dose of Megestrol Acetate, Finasteride, any herbal product known to decrease PSA levels (e.g., Saw Palmetto & PC-SPES), or any systemic corticosteroid must discontinue agent for at least 4 weeks prior to the anticipated Week 1 visit. LHRH agonists or LHRH antagonists do not need to be discontinued.
3. Subject has started bisphosphonate or denosumab therapy less than 28 days before the anticipated Week 1 visit.

4. Subject is using supplements or complementary medicines/botanicals. Subjects should review label w/their doctor prior to enrolment. Exceptions to this exclusion:

   • Conventional multivitamin supplements
   • Selenium
   • Lycopene
   • Soy supplements
   • Vitamin E
   • Fish oil supplements
   • Vitamin D
   • Glucosamine supplements
   • Age-related eye disease vitamins
   • Ginkgo biloba
5. Subject has had major surgery or radiation therapy completed <4 weeks prior to screening.
6. Corticosteroids are not permitted except for (a) nasal sprays and inhalers, (b) orally prescribed as replacement therapy in the case of adrenal insufficiency, (c) oral or IV dexamethasone administration used acutely in combination with docetaxel, (d) parenteral use on a single occasion, (e) low dose parenteral use for a maximum of 5 days and (f) acute and sporadic parenteral use for acute asthma.
7. Subject is known to test positive for HIV or hepatitis B or C.
8. Subject receiving concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy or investigational agents.
9. Subject has Platelet count >400,000/μL; Monocytes >80,000/μL; Haemoglobin <11g/dL.
10. Subject has cerebral metastases (known from previous investigations or clinically detectable).
11. Subject has serum testosterone >50ng/dL.
12. Subject has rheumatoid disease (asymptomatic subjects w/controlled & rarely flaring rheumatoid arthritis are also excluded).
13. Subject exhibits evidence of symptomatic congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolus, vascular thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, unstable angina, myocardial infarction or active ischemia on ECG. If an ECG taken prior to screening but within 28 days of the anticipated Week 1 visit is not available, an ECG must be performed at screening.
14. Subject has uncontrolled severe hypertension >150/100mm Hg (if controlled w/medication this is not an exclusion).
15. Subject is hypotensive.