Peripheral Blood (PB) Versus Bone Marrow (BM) in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

• Incidence of acute GVH disease grade II or above [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Time to acute GVH disease [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Time to an unsupported platelet count of 20 _ 109/L and 50 _ 109/L [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 0.5 x 10e9/L and 1 x 10e9/L [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Incidence and severity of chronic GVH disease [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Leukemia-free survival [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Overall survival [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

350 patients with early leukemias were assigned to receive peripheral blood or bone marrow transplantation; the occurrence of acute and chronic graft versus host disease, survival, transplantation-related mortality, and relapse rates were compared.

The trial was designed to investigate the safety and outcome of allogeneic filgrastim-mobilized PBPCT compared with allogeneic BMT in patients with standard-risk leukemia. A total of 350 patients between 18 and 55 years of age with acute leukemias in remission or chronic myelogenous leukemia in first chronic phase were randomized to receive either filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells or bone marrow cells from HLA-identical sibling donors after standard high-dose chemoradiotherapy. The study was approved by the ethics committees of all participating centers, and all patients and donors gave informed consent before any study-related procedure was performed. Donor-recipient pairs were randomized to undergo either BMT or PBPCT. Randomization was carried out centrally at the International Institute for Drug Development (id2), Brussels, Belgium, and used the minimization method to allocate donor and recipient to allogeneic BMT or PBPCT. The randomization strata were as follows: diagnosis (chronic myeloid leukemia [CML] vs other diseases), sex mismatch of donor and recipient, and whether the donor was female and nulliparous. Follow-up visits were scheduled for 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the date of transplantation.

Neutrophil and platelet recovery occurred significantly faster after transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells than after bone marrow transplantation. Acute graft versus host disease of grades II-IV was significantly more frequent in recipients of peripheral blood progenitor cells than in recipients of marrow cells The cumulative incidence of chronic graft versus host disease was higher with peripheral blood progenitor cells than with bone marrow cells

• Acute Leukemia
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome

• Procedure: Bone marrow transplantation
  Patients received bone marrow transplantation
• Procedure: Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
  Patients received filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

• Bone marrow transplantation
  Patients received bone marrow transplantation
  Intervention: Procedure: Bone marrow transplantation
• Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
  Patients received filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
  Intervention: Procedure: Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with either diagnosis of AML in first or second remission, in first untreated relapse (blast count in marrow < 30%); ALL in first or second remission, in first untreated relapse (blast count in marrow < 30%); CML in first chronic phase, in first accelerated phase (total blast and promyelocytes in marrow and or peripheral blood < 30%) or MDS (excluding RAEB-t).
• Age between 18 and 55 years.
• ECOG performance status between 0,1 or 2.
• HLA-identical sibling donor.
• Written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Serum creatinine more than 10% above the normal range for the centre.
• Left ventricular size and function abnormal.
• DLCO < 50%.
• Bilirubin > 2mg/dL (34.2 µmol/L).
• Splenectomised or splenic irradiation.
• Psychiatric, addictive, or any other disorder, which compromises ability to give truly informed consent for participation in this study.
• Currently receiving non-licensed drugs which may affect GVHD or engraftment.
• Pregnant or lactating women.
• Known sensitivity to E.coli derived products.
• HIV positive.
• Previously received BM/PBPC transplant.

• Amgen
• Hoffmann-La Roche