• Prediction of lung cancer risk based on mutagen sensitivity, p53 induction, and apoptosis in cultured lymphocytes
• Development of phenotypic or predictive markers of lung cancer, including mutagen sensitivity, DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints, and serum proteomics

• Gene-neuro-behavioral interactions for smoking addiction in the control groups
• Relationship between sex-steroid metabolism, estrogen exposure, and lung cancer risk

RATIONALE: Studying samples of blood, urine, and tissue from patients with lung cancer and from other participants in the laboratory may help doctors learn more about changes that occur in DNA and identify biomarkers related to cancer. It may also help doctors predict risk for developing lung cancer.

PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying the DNA in blood, urine, and tissue samples from patients with lung cancer and from other participants.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

• To determine if mutagen sensitivity, p53 induction, and apoptosis in cultured lymphocytes is predictive of lung cancer risk.
• To investigate and develop phenotypic or predictive markers of lung cancer, including mutagen sensitivity, DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints, and serum proteomics.

Secondary

• To demonstrate gene-neuro-behavioral interactions for smoking addiction in the control groups.
• Determine the relationship between sex-steroid metabolism, estrogen exposure, and lung cancer risk.

OUTLINE: Cases and controls undergo a structured, in-person interview assessing prior medical history and cancer history, tobacco use, alcohol use, current medications, occupational history, family medical history, menstrual history and estrogen use, recent nutritional supplement use, caffeine intake, and socioeconomic status.

Cases and controls also undergo blood and urine sample collection for DNA analysis. The phenotypic markers studied will assess DNA repair with cellular response by using lymphocyte cultures exposed in vitro to radiation, bleomycin, and benzo(a)pyrene-diol-epoxide and measuring induction of chromosomal aberrations, p53 induction, and apoptosis. DNA from cases and controls are also used for genetic polymorphism analysis of carcinogen metabolism, and those related to the dopaminergic system and nicotinic receptors. Previously collected tumor tissue samples from cases are evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptors.

• Genetic: gene expression analysis
• Genetic: mutation analysis
• Genetic: polymorphism analysis
• Genetic: proteomic profiling
• Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
• Other: questionnaire administration
• Procedure: evaluation of cancer risk factors

• Pine SR, Mechanic LE, Ambs S, Bowman ED, Chanock SJ, Loffredo C, Shields PG, Harris CC. Lung cancer survival and functional polymorphisms in MBL2, an innate-immunity gene. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Sep 19;99(18):1401-9. Epub 2007 Sep 11.
• Pine SR, Mechanic LE, Bowman ED, Welsh JA, Chanock SC, Shields PG, Harris CC. MDM2 SNP309 and SNP354 are not associated with lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Aug;15(8):1559-61.
• Zheng YL, Loffredo CA, Alberg AJ, Yu Z, Jones RT, Perlmutter D, Enewold L, Krasna MJ, Yung R, Shields PG, Harris CC. Less efficient g2-m checkpoint is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in African Americans. Cancer Res. 2005 Oct 15;65(20):9566-73.
• Zheng YL, Loffredo CA, Yu Z, Jones RT, Krasna MJ, Alberg AJ, Yung R, Perlmutter D, Enewold L, Harris CC, Shields PG. Bleomycin-induced chromosome breaks as a risk marker for lung cancer: a case-control study with population and hospital controls. Carcinogenesis. 2003 Feb;24(2):269-74. Erratum in: Carcinogenesis. 2003 Aug;24(8):1425.
• Mechanic LE, Bowman ED, Welsh JA, Khan MA, Hagiwara N, Enewold L, Shields PG, Burdette L, Chanock S, Harris CC. Common genetic variation in TP53 is associated with lung cancer risk and prognosis in African Americans and somatic mutations in lung tumors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Feb;16(2):214-22.

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

• Meets 1 of the following criteria:

  • Histologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer (case)

    • Diagnosed within the past 6 months
  • Frequency matched to cases according to age (5-year intervals), gender, race, smoking status, and hospital (hospital control)
  • Frequency matched to cases according to age (5-year intervals), gender, and race (population-based control)
• Resides in Baltimore City or contiguous metropolitan counties (i.e., Prince George's County or Anne Arundel County)

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

• Has a residential working phone within the home
• Speaks English well enough to be interviewed
• Born in the United States
• Physically and mentally capable of performing the interview (i.e., must be able to hear the interviewer, mentally comprehend the interviewers questions, and verbally respond)
• Has never been interviewed as a control for this study
• Does not currently reside in an institution such as a prison, nursing home, or shelter

• No severe illness requiring an intensive care unit (ICU) (case or hospital control)

  • May be eligible for study participation after discharge from ICU
• No known diagnosis of HIV or hepatitis B or C (case or hospital control)
• No history of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix (hospital control or population control)

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

• Not specified