Nevirapine vs. Atazanavir Boosted With Ritonavir on a Background of Truvada in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Naive Patients (NEwArT)

• Number of Participants With Virologic Response According to the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  HIV viral load <50 copies/ml measured at two consecutive visits UP TO Week 48 and without subsequent rebound or change of ARV therapy up to Week 48.
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 48 [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  HIV viral load <50 copies/ml measured at Week 48 among observed cases on-treatment.
• Number of Participants With Virologic Success (FDA Definition) [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  HIV viral load <50 copies/ml measured in the Week 48 window whereby patients withdrawing early and patients without a Week 48 assessment are considered failures. Includes all participants in full analysis set (FAS).
• Time to Virologic Response (First Confirmed Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml), All Participants [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Time to response whereby patients withdrawing early were censored after their withdrawal
• Time to Virologic Response (First Confirmed Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml), Only Participants With Confirmed Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Number of Participants With Loss of Virologic Response Following Confirmed Virologic Response [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  HIV viral load > 50 copies/ml on two consecutive measurements separated by at least 2 weeks, after confirmed virologic response (2 consecutive HIV viral load values < 50 copies/ml)
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 2 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 2 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 4 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 4 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 6 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 8 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 8 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 12 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 24 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 36 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 36 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml at Week 48 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 2 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 2 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 4 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 4 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 6 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 8 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 8 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 12 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 24 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 36 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 36 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Participants With HIV Viral Load < 400 Copies/ml at Week 48 of Treatment [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Results within time windows, patients on-treatment
• Number of Patients With Virologic Rebound to >400 Copies/ml [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  HIV viral load >400 copies/ml on two consecutive measurements separated by at least 2 weeks, after confirmed virologic response (2 consecutive HIV viral load values < 50 copies/ml)
• AIDS Progression and Death: Number of Patients With a Treatment-emergent AIDS Defining Illness or an AIDS-defining Illness Leading to Death [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

  AIDS defining illnesses include: Aspergillosis, Bartonellosis, Candidiasis, Cervical cancer, Chagas disease, Coccidiodomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Cytomegalovirus retinus, encephalopathy, Herpes Simplex Virus, Histoplasmosis, Isosporiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, Leishmaniasis, Microsporidiosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacterium (non-tuberculous), Nocardiosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Pneumonia, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Rhodococcus equi, Salmonella, Toxoplasmosis, Wasting.

  Number of cases (no time-to analysis was performed due to small numbers).

• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 2. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 2 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 4. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 4 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 6. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 8. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 8 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 12. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 24. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 36. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 36 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 48. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Patients on-treatment, data within time windows
• Change in Fasting Plasma Total Cholesterol Level [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Change in Fasting Plasma Triglycerides Level [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Change in Fasting High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Level [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Change in Fasting Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)Cholesterol Level [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol to High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Ratio [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Change in Framingham Score [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Framingham prediction of 10-year risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) outcomes (myocardial infarction [MI] or CHD death) based on the patient's gender, age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-c and smoking status. The scale for the estimated risk ranges from 0 to 30%.
• Change in Revised Framingham Score According to the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) Study Group [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Change in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  using 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula
• Percentage Adherence by Pill Count [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Number of pills not returned / number of treatment days in percent (%)
• Number of Participants With Genotypic Resistance at the Time of Virologic Failure. [ Time Frame: baseline to week 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Genotypic resistance was measured by the following: Plasma samples for HIV-1 resistance were analyzed using a standard clinical assay that generates a virtual phenotypic interpretation of HIV-1 sequence data and predicts susceptibility or resistance of the isolate to approved ARVs.

The aim of this clinical trial is to compare the efficacy and safety of ritonavir (RTV)-boosted atazanavir with nevirapine, each on a background of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF).

• Drug: tenofovir DF 300 mg QD
  300 mg QD
• Drug: emtricitabine 200 mg QD
  200 mg QD
• Drug: Nevirapine 200 mg BID
  200 mg BID
• Drug: Atazanavir 300 mg
  300 mg QD
• Drug: Ritonavir 100 mg
  100 mg QD

• Active Comparator: NVP 200mg bis indie (BID)
  after receiving nevirapine (NVP) 200 mg quaue die (QD) for 2 weeks, pt titrated to NVP 200 mg bis in die (BID) combined with emtricitabine 200 mg QD/ tenofovir DF 300 mg QD (fixed dose combination Truvada) for 48 weeks
  Interventions:

  • Drug: tenofovir DF 300 mg QD
  • Drug: emtricitabine 200 mg QD
  • Drug: Nevirapine 200 mg BID
• Active Comparator: Atazanavir 300 mg QD/ritonavir 100 mg QD
  patients to receive atazanavir 300 mg QD boosted with ritonavir 100 mg QD combined with emtricitabine 200 mg QD/ tenofovir DF 300 mg QD (fixed dose combination Truvada) for 48 weeks
  Interventions:

  • Drug: tenofovir DF 300 mg QD
  • Drug: emtricitabine 200 mg QD
  • Drug: Atazanavir 300 mg
  • Drug: Ritonavir 100 mg

Inclusion criteria:

1. Signed informed consent in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and local regulatory requirements prior to trial participation
2. HIV-1- infected males or females greater than or equal to 18 years of age with documented positive serology Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbert Assay (ELISA) confirmed by Western blot
3. No prior nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) use of more than 10 days AND
4. No prior use of other classes of antiretrovirals (ARVs) of more than 2 weeks duration
5. Males with CD4+ count less than 400 cells/mm cubed or females with CD4+ count less than 250 cells/mm cubed
6. NVP and ATV/r susceptibility on screening HIV-1 genotypic resistance assay
7. Adequate renal function defined as a calculated creatinine clearance greater than or equal to50 ml/min according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula
8. Karnofsky score greater than or equal to 70 (see Appendix 10.7)
9. Acceptable medical history, as assessed by the investigator

Exclusion criteria:

1. History of active drug or alcohol abuse within 2 years prior to study entry (at the investigators discretion)
2. Hepatic cirrhosis with stage Child-Pugh B or C hepatic impairment

3. Female patients of child-bearing potential who:

   have a positive serum pregnancy test at screening, are breast feeding, are planning to become pregnant, are not willing to use a barrier method of contraception, or are not willing to use methods of contraception other than ethinyl estradiol containing oral contraceptives

4. Laboratory parameters greater than Division of Aids (National Institute of Health, USA) (DAIDS) grade 2 (triglycerides greater than DAIDS grade 3, total cholesterol no restrictions, see Appendix 10.1)
5. Active hepatitis B or C disease, defined as HBsAg-positive or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA positive with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ALT/AST greater than2.5x Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) (greater than DAIDS grade 1)
6. Known hypersensitivity to any ingredients in nevirapine or atazanavir
7. Patients who are receiving concomitant treatments which are not permitted, as listed in Appendix 10.6
8. Use of other investigational medications within 30 days before study entry or during the trial
9. Use of immunomodulatory drugs within 30 days before study entry or during the trial (e.g., interferon, cyclosporin, hydroxyurea, interleukin 2, chronic treatment with prednisone)
10. Patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), visceral Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), and/or any lymphoma
11. Any AIDS defining illness that is unresolved, symptomatic or not stable on treatment for at least 12 weeks at the screening visit
12. Patients who are receiving systemic chemotherapy