• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be used to assess local recurrence rate of metastatic brain tumors. [ Time Frame: One year or until the patient has evidence of neurological deterioration due to CNS metastasis, has a local recurrence, withdraws, dies, is lost to follow-up, or the study is closed. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Evaluate correlative science in metastatic lesions to the brain using tumor samples. [ Time Frame: One year. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Determine the rate of neurological death defined as death attributable to the progression of neurological disease. [ Time Frame: One year or until the patient has evidence of neurological deterioration due to CNS metastasis, has a local recurrence, withdraws, dies, is lost to follow-up, or the study is closed. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Determine the clinical significance of locally recurrent brain metastasis at the time of their occurrence (mass effect, cognitive functioning other symptoms) post treatment. [ Time Frame: One year or until the patient has evidence of neurological deterioration due to CNS metastasis, has a local recurrence, withdraws, dies, is lost to follow-up, or the study is closed. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Determine the time to and severity of neurocognitive decline. [ Time Frame: One year or until the patient has evidence of neurological deterioration due to CNS metastasis, has a local recurrence, withdraws, dies, is lost to follow-up, or the study is closed. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

• An MRI will be used to assess local recurrence rate of metastatic brain tumors [ Time Frame: One year ]
• Evaluate correlative science in metastatic lesions to the brain using tumor samples [ Time Frame: One year ]
• Determine the rate of neurological death defined as death attributable to the progression of neurological disease [ Time Frame: One year ]
• Determine the clinical significance of locally recurrent brain metastasis at the time of their occurrence (mass effect, cognitive functioning other symptoms) post treatment [ Time Frame: One year ]
• Determine the time to and severity of neurocognitive decline [ Time Frame: One year ]

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the surgical intervention and insertion of GLIADEL wafers on the neurocognitive functioning in patients with metastatic brain cancer.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Can provide signed/dated Informed Consent, and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) authorization.
2. Are a male or female patient 18 years of age or older.
3. Are willing to a use barrier method of contraception if fertile or of childbearing potential until 30 days after surgical resection. If the patient receives subsequent chemotherapy during study participation (as allowed by the protocol), appropriate contraception will be managed by the principal investigator.

4. Have a primary diagnosis of solid-based tumor cancer (except small cell lung cancer (SCLS), lymphoma, germ cell cancer or anaplastic thyroid cancer) or unknown primary cancer and have 1-3 brain metastasis(es) for which surgical resection is planned for a single metastasis and any remaining metastases are planned for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS);

   OR

   an intra-operative diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor in a patient with a single brain lesion.

5. Have a life expectancy of ≥12 weeks.
6. Have a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 70 or higher.
7. Have Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) status of 1 or 2.
8. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 14 days of the surgical resection; and
9. Patients must be able to understand English, either orally or in writing, and be able to consent and complete the required assessments and procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Are unable or unwilling to understand study assessment or to cooperate with the study procedures as determined by the investigator.
2. Have a history of allergic reaction or known hypersensitivity to BCNU (carmustine) or other components of the GLIADEL, such as polifeprosan polymer.
3. Have a history of prior cranial irradiation.
4. Have a prior diagnosis of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor.
5. Have received prior treatment for brain tumors.
6. Have had prior exposure to GLIADEL or its components, such as polifeprosan polymer.
7. Have any uncontrolled medical or psychiatric conditions which preclude them from participating in or completing the study procedures.
8. Concurrent severe medical conditions include, but are not limited to, active infection, acute hepatitis, cardiac arrhythmia, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled seizures, pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary embolus, etc.
9. Have a diagnosis of tumor in the brain stem or posterior fossa.
10. Have an RPA status of 3.
11. Have a diagnosis of leptomeningeal disease at time of enrollment; or
12. Are currently pregnant or lactating, or plan to become pregnant during the course of the study.