Study of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 Vaccine in the Prevention of HPV 16 Infection in 16- to 23-Year-Old Females

• Incidence of Persistent HPV 16 Infection [ Time Frame: Through Month 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Cases of persistent infection were those with detection of HPV 16 by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) on at least 2 consecutive visits at least 4 months apart; or detection of HPV 16 in a cervical biopsy specimen showing pathologic evidence of CIN1 (Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), CIN2 or CIN3 together with HPV 16 detected at the visit immediately before or after the biopsy; or detection of HPV 16 on a subject's last visit.
• Incidence of HPV 16-related CIN1, CIN2 or C1N3 [ Time Frame: Through Month 48 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Cases of HPV 16-related CIN1, CIN2 or CIN3 are those with detection of HPV 16 in a cervical biopsy specimen showing pathologic evidence of CIN1, CIN2 or CIN3 together with HPV 16 detected at the visit immediately before or after the biopsy.
• Serum Anti-HPV 16 Geometric Mean Titers [ Time Frame: Month 7 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  The limit of detection of the assay was 6 mMU/ml. Samples with titer below the limit of detection were assigned a value of 3 for calculation of GMT and confidence interval. GMTs and confidence limits below the limit of detection are shown as "6.0".

Subjects received HPV 16 L1 VLP vaccine or placebo (1:1 ratio). Endpoints included efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety.

• Biological: Comparator: HPV 16 L1 Vaccine
  A 0.5 intramuscular injection given at Day 1, Month 2, and Month 6
  Other Name: V501
• Biological: Comparator: Placebo
  A 0.5 intramuscular placebo injection given at Day 1, Month 2, and Month 6

• Experimental: 1
  HPV 16 L1 VLP vaccine
  Intervention: Biological: Comparator: HPV 16 L1 Vaccine
• Placebo Comparator: 2
  Placebo
  Intervention: Biological: Comparator: Placebo

• Mao C, Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, Brown DR, Wiley DJ, Alvarez FB, Bautista OM, Jansen KU, Barr E. Efficacy of human papillomavirus-16 vaccine to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jan;107(1):18-27. Erratum in: Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;107(6):1425.
• Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, Brown DR, Barr E, Alvarez FB, Chiacchierini LM, Jansen KU; Proof of Principle Study Investigators. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1645-51.
• Paavonen J; Future II Study Group. Baseline demographic characteristics of subjects enrolled in international quadrivalent HPV (types 6/11/16/18) vaccine clinical trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Jun;24(6):1623-34. Epub 2008 Apr 23.
• Barr E, Gause CK, Bautista OM, Railkar RA, Lupinacci LC, Insinga RP, Sings HL, Haupt RM. Impact of a prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in a sexually active population of North American women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Mar;198(3):261.e1-11.
• Ault KA; Future II Study Group. Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, grade 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ: a combined analysis of four randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2007 Jun 2;369(9576):1861-8.
• Fraser C, Tomassini JE, Xi L, Golm G, Watson M, Giuliano AR, Barr E, Ault KA. Modeling the long-term antibody response of a human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP) type 16 prophylactic vaccine. Vaccine. 2007 May 22;25(21):4324-33. Epub 2007 Mar 12.
• Wiley DJ, Masongsong EV, Lu S, Heather L S, Salem B, Giuliano AR, Ault KA, Haupt RM, Brown DR. Behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors for serological and DNA evidence of HPV6, 11, 16, 18 infections. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012 Jun;36(3):e183-9. Epub 2012 Jan 25.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy, unmarried females age 16 to 23 years with intact uteri
• Not pregnant at enrollment
• Agreed to use effective contraception through Month 7 of the study
• A lifetime history of 0 to 5 male partners with whom the subjects engaged in at least one episode of insertive intercourse

Exclusion Criteria:

• No prior history of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination
• No receipt of any other vaccination within 1 month prior to enrollment or plans to receive any other vaccination within 1 month prior to or after any dose of study vaccine
• No prior history of an abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test showing Squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or biopsy showing Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)