• 1. Medical events - upper respiratory illness and/or pneumonia
• 2. Health care utilization and impact on productivity - number of days lost from work, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, unscheduled doctor’s visits within 3-6 months following immunization

This study compared full-dose Flu vaccine to half-dose Flu-vaccine during the 2004-2005 flu season.

This was a Phase II prospective, single-blind to dose, randomized study that compared the immunogenicity of subjects receiving half-dose Fluzone® compared to full-dose Fluzone®, 2004-2005 formulation. 1440 healthy subjects, ages 18-64 years old and not currently indicated for influenza vaccination under the interim ACIP guidelines, were stratified by age, gender, and previous exposure to influenza vaccine, and randomized to receive either half-dose Fluzone® or full-dose Fluzone®.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Able to understand and comply with all study procedures including availability for all study visits and follow up surveys within 6 months following study enrollment.

  • Age 18-49

    • Patients presenting to travel clinic with no exclusion criteria;
    • Household contacts and out-of-home caretakers of infants from 6-23 months of age;
    • Hospital and/or employees providing service to the public who are not eligible for the post-October 5th recommendations for priority immunization;
    • DOD employees eligible for influenza vaccination prior to October 5th but excluded in the post October 5th guidelines;
    • People living in dormitories or under other crowded conditions, to prevent outbreaks;
  • Ages 50-64 years of age who are not eligible for the post-October 5th recommendations for priority immunization and with no standard of care contraindications to vaccination.
  • Eligible in the Department of Defense for influenza vaccination

Exclusion Criteria:

• • all children aged < 18 years (includes children aged 6 months-18 years on chronic aspirin therapy);

  • adults aged >65 years;

  • persons aged 2-64 years with underlying chronic medical conditions:

    • includes persons with chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobinopathy, or immunosuppressive illness;
    • any acute or chronic condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would render vaccination unsafe or interfere with the evaluation of response.
  • use of experimental vaccines or medications within 30 days of study entry;
  • receipt of parenteral immunoglobulin within 60 days of study entry;
  • all women who will be pregnant during the influenza season;
  • residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities;
  • health-care workers involved in direct patient care and included in DOD priority 1; and;
  • military recruits;
  • out-of-home caregivers and household contacts of children aged <6 months.
  • Anyone with clinical contraindications for receiving the inactivated influenza vaccine such as a history of severe allergic reaction to prior influenza vaccinations, severe allergy to egg and/or egg proteins and gelatin.
  • DOD Priority 1: Deployed or deploying (with orders) service members and others designated as critical to national defense.
  • DOD Priority 2: Medically high risk in accordance with ACIP guidelines (includes health-care workers with direct patient contact)
  • Any acute or chronic condition that, in the opinion of the investigator or her provider designee would render vaccination unsafe or interfere with the evaluation of the response.

• Walter Reed Army Medical Center
• U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
• Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR)
• U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
• U.S. Air Force Office of the Surgeon General
• U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine