• 4. Presence of nasogastric tube or intravenous line at time of death
• 1. Presence of order for opioid pain medication at time of death
• 2. Do Not Resuscitate order present
• 3. Location of death (ICU vs. other)
• 5. Presence of restraints at or near time of death
• During 12 mo. period before & after intervention.

• Symptoms/care plans, advance directives, resuscitations, hospice care, palliative consults, presence of family, pastoral services, info on hospital stay, locations of care. [ Time Frame: For primary analysis of each outcome, 12 months before and 12 months after 6-month intervention period ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• After-death interviews of family on attitudes, perceptions & satisfaction w/care [ Time Frame: For primary analysis of each outcome, 12 months before and 12 months after 6-month intervention period ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

• Symptoms/care plans, advance directives, resuscitations, hospice care, palliative consults, presence of family at time of death, pastoral services, info on hospital stay, locations of care, utilization info
• After-death interviews of family on attitudes, perceptions & satisfaction w/care

The primary aim is to evaluate an intervention designed to improve the quality of end-of-life care provided in VA Medical Centers.

Background:

Currently 28,000 veterans die each year within VA Medical Centers. In acute care units, patients near the end of life are frequently not identified, and as a result, their suffering may not be properly appreciated or managed, and may even be exacerbated by standard medical care. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate an intervention designed to improve the quality of end-of-life care provided in VA Medical Centers.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to transfer the best practices of traditionally home-based hospice and palliative care into the VA inpatient setting. Specific aims are: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of a Comfort Care intervention for improving processes of care at life's end, and (2) conduct qualitative analyses of after-death interviews with families and caregivers.

Methods:

The study is a pre-post intervention trial in 6 VA Medical Centers. The Comfort Care intervention targets physician, nursing, and ancillary staff, training them to identify veterans who are dying and to implement care plans appropriate for the last days or hours of life. Applying Comfort Care to dying patients in the acute care setting involves altering the trajectory of care to treatment pathways oriented more toward meeting the needs of dying patients, including pain control, DNR planning, transfer from intensive care units to medical units, and elimination of instrumentation and restraints. Through intensive on-site staff training and follow-up consultation, staff are trained to identify patients who are near the end of life and implement Comfort Care interventions. To facilitate the use of these interventions, an electronic Comfort Care Order Set is integrated into the Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS).

Data extracted from the CPRS records of veterans who have died during a 12-month period before and after intervention will be used to determine the impact of the intervention on 5 process of care indicators: presence of an order for opioid pain medication at the time of death, DNR orders, location of death, nasogastric tubes/intravenous lines, and restraints. Analyses will account for clustering of patients within facilities and staggered implementation of intervention across facilities will allow for examination of secular trends.

Semi-structured after-death interviews are used to elicit family members' attitudes, beliefs and feelings about the care received at the end of life. They also complete questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the intensity and frequency of the loved one's pain at the end of life, satisfaction with care, and impact of the death on the family/caregiver. Data from qualitative analyses will be compared with quantitative measures of processes of care to help in developing concurrency between the issues of importance to families and patients and those of the medical system.

Status:

Intervention has been completed at the first five sites. Preparation for initiating intervention at Site #6 is underway and planned for October 2009.

• Death
• Pain
• Dyspnea

Inclusion Criteria:

Aim 1: Not applicable. Patients are deceased. Aim 2: After-death interviews with next of kin: must be willing and able to participate in after-death interview at local VA Medical Center.

Exclusion Criteria:

N/A