• To examine the relationship between baseline characteristics and outcome [ Time Frame: Longitudinal database currently funded through 3/31/2011 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• To monitor trends in incidence of various disease entities [ Time Frame: Longitudinal database currently funded through 3/31/2011 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• To monitor changes in VLBW and early gestational age survival [ Time Frame: Longitudinal database currently funded through 3/31/2011 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• To provide data for hypothesis formulation and sample size calculation for Network multi-center studies [ Time Frame: Longitudinal database currently funded through 3/31/2011 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

The Generic Database (GDB) is a registry of very low birth weight infants born alive in NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) centers. The GDB collects observational baseline data on both mothers and infants, and the therapies used and outcomes of the infants. The information collected is not specific to a disease or treatment (i.e., it is "generic"). Data are analyzed to find associations and trends between baseline information, treatments, and infant outcome, and to develop future NRN trials.

The Generic Database (GDB) is a registry of very low birth weight infants born alive in NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) centers. The purpose is to collect baseline and outcome data in a uniform manner on a large cohort of VLBW and other sick infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units.

The GDB collects observational baseline data on both mothers and infants, and the therapies used and outcomes of the infants. The information collected is not specific to a disease or treatment (i.e., it is "generic"). Baseline data is collected soon after admission to the NICU; outcome data is collected at the time of death or discharge from the hospital. The data collected includes information on:

• Demographics of mother and infant
• Mother's health (e.g., pregnancy history and complications)
• Labor and deliver (e.g., rupture of the membranes, steroids and antibiotics given, mode of delivery)
• Infant's health (gestational age, Apgar scores, weight, length, delivery room resuscitation, respiratory support, etc.)
• Infant's medical outcome (heart, lung, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, hearing, and vision, known infections, and major malformations/syndromes, and mortality or number of days hospitalized).

These data are used: to examine associations between baseline characteristics, treatments, and outcomes; to track trends in incidences of disease and effectiveness of therapies; and to identify questions requiring additional in-depth research.

Informed Consent: As required by local IRBs.

• Infant, Newborn
• Infant, Low Birth Weight
• Infant, Small for Gestational Age
• Infant, Premature

• Ambalavanan N, Carlo WA, Bobashev G, Mathias E, Liu B, Poole K, Fanaroff AA, Stoll BJ, Ehrenkranz R, Wright LL; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Prediction of death for extremely low birth weight neonates. Pediatrics. 2005 Dec;116(6):1367-73.
• Cotten CM, McDonald S, Stoll B, Goldberg RN, Poole K, Benjamin DK Jr; National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. The association of third-generation cephalosporin use and invasive candidiasis in extremely low birth-weight infants. Pediatrics. 2006 Aug;118(2):717-22.
• Michael Cotten C, Oh W, McDonald S, Carlo W, Fanaroff AA, Duara S, Stoll B, Laptook A, Poole K, Wright LL, Goldberg RN; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Prolonged hospital stay for extremely premature infants: risk factors, center differences, and the impact of mortality on selecting a best-performing center. J Perinatol. 2005 Oct;25(10):650-5.
• Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Shankaran S, Stevenson DK, Wright LL, Younes N, Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Lemons JA, Oh W, Papile LA. Outcomes of very low birth weight twins cared for in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's intensive care units. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Sep;179(3 Pt 1):742-9.
• Ehrenkranz RA, Dusick AM, Vohr BR, Wright LL, Wrage LA, Poole WK. Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2006 Apr;117(4):1253-61.
• Ehrenkranz RA, Walsh MC, Vohr BR, Jobe AH, Wright LL, Fanaroff AA, Wrage LA, Poole K; National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Validation of the National Institutes of Health consensus definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 2005 Dec;116(6):1353-60.
• Fanaroff AA, Hack M, Walsh MC. The NICHD neonatal research network: changes in practice and outcomes during the first 15 years. Semin Perinatol. 2003 Aug;27(4):281-7.
• Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Wright LL, Verter J, Poland RL, Bauer CR, Tyson JE, Philips JB 3rd, Edwards W, Lucey JF, Catz CS, Shankaran S, Oh W. Incidence, presenting features, risk factors and significance of late onset septicemia in very low birth weight infants. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Jul;17(7):593-8.
• Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Stevenson DK, Shankaran S, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Younes N, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Tyson JE, et al. Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, May 1991 through December 1992. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Nov;173(5):1423-31.
• Fanaroff AA, Stoll BJ, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Stark AR, Bauer CR, Donovan EF, Korones SB, Laptook AR, Lemons JA, Oh W, Papile LA, Shankaran S, Stevenson DK, Tyson JE, Poole WK; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality for very low birthweight infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;196(2):147.e1-8.
• Guillet R, Stoll BJ, Cotten CM, Gantz M, McDonald S, Poole WK, Phelps DL; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Association of H2-blocker therapy and higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2006 Feb;117(2):e137-42. Epub 2006 Jan 3.
• Hack M, Horbar JD, Malloy MH, Tyson JE, Wright E, Wright L. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network. Pediatrics. 1991 May;87(5):587-97.
• Hack M, Wright LL, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Horbar JD, Bauer CR, Younes N. Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network, November 1989 to October 1990. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Feb;172(2 Pt 1):457-64. Erratum in: Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995 Sep;173(3 Pt 1):961.
• Hintz SR, Poole WK, Wright LL, Fanaroff AA, Kendrick DE, Laptook AR, Goldberg R, Duara S, Stoll BJ, Oh W; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Changes in mortality and morbidities among infants born at less than 25 weeks during the post-surfactant era. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005 Mar;90(2):F128-33.
• Horbar JD, Onstad L, Wright E. Predicting mortality risk for infants weighing 501 to 1500 grams at birth: a National Institutes of Health Neonatal Research Network report. Crit Care Med. 1993 Jan;21(1):12-8.
• Laptook AR, Salhab W, Bhaskar B; Neonatal Research Network. Admission temperature of low birth weight infants: predictors and associated morbidities. Pediatrics. 2007 Mar;119(3):e643-9. Epub 2007 Feb 12.
• Lee BH, Stoll BJ, McDonald SA, Higgins RD; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with antenatal dexamethasone versus antenatal betamethasone. Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):1503-10.
• Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, Korones SB, Papile LA, Stoll BJ, Verter J, Temprosa M, Wright LL, Ehrenkranz RA, Fanaroff AA, Stark A, Carlo W, Tyson JE, Donovan EF, Shankaran S, Stevenson DK. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2001 Jan;107(1):E1.
• Malcolm WF, Gantz M, Martin RJ, Goldstein RF, Goldberg RN, Cotten CM; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Use of medications for gastroesophageal reflux at discharge among extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2008 Jan;121(1):22-7.
• Malloy MH, Onstad L, Wright E. The effect of cesarean delivery on birth outcome in very low birth weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Apr;77(4):498-503.
• Oh W, Tyson JE, Fanaroff AA, Vohr BR, Perritt R, Stoll BJ, Ehrenkranz RA, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, Poole K, Wright LL; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Association between peak serum bilirubin and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):773-9.
• Oh W, Poindexter BB, Perritt R, Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Poole K, Wright LL; Neonatal Research Network. Association between fluid intake and weight loss during the first ten days of life and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2005 Dec;147(6):786-90.
• St John EB, Carlo WA. Respiratory distress syndrome in VLBW infants: changes in management and outcomes observed by the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Semin Perinatol. 2003 Aug;27(4):288-92.
• Shankaran S, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Stevenson DK, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Langer JC, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Lemons JA, Oh W, Papile LA. Risk factors for early death among extremely low-birth-weight infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Apr;186(4):796-802.
• Shankaran S, Johnson Y, Langer JC, Vohr BR, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Poole WK. Outcome of extremely-low-birth-weight infants at highest risk: gestational age < or =24 weeks, birth weight < or =750 g, and 1-minute Apgar < or =3. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;191(4):1084-91.
• Stevenson DK, Wright LL, Lemons JA, Oh W, Korones SB, Papile LA, Bauer CR, Stoll BJ, Tyson JE, Shankaran S, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Verter J. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, January 1993 through December 1994. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Dec;179(6 Pt 1):1632-9.
• Stoll BJ, Gordon T, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Oh W, Stevenson DK, Ehrenkranz RA, Papile LA, Verter J, Wright LL. Early-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr. 1996 Jul;129(1):72-80.
• Stoll BJ, Gordon T, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Oh W, Stevenson DK, Ehrenkranz RA, Papile LA, Verter J, Wright LL. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr. 1996 Jul;129(1):63-71.
• Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Oh W, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Poole WK. Changes in pathogens causing early-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):240-7.
• Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Oh W, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Poole WK. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2002 Aug;110(2 Pt 1):285-91.
• Stoll BJ, Hansen N. Infections in VLBW infants: studies from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Semin Perinatol. 2003 Aug;27(4):293-301. Review.
• Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Oh W, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Poole WK. To tap or not to tap: high likelihood of meningitis without sepsis among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2004 May;113(5):1181-6.
• Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Higgins RD, Fanaroff AA, Duara S, Goldberg R, Laptook A, Walsh M, Oh W, Hale E; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Very low birth weight preterm infants with early onset neonatal sepsis: the predominance of gram-negative infections continues in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 2002-2003. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Jul;24(7):635-9.
• Tyson JE, Younes N, Verter J, Wright LL. Viability, morbidity, and resource use among newborns of 501- to 800-g birth weight. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. JAMA. 1996 Nov 27;276(20):1645-51.
• Wadhawan R, Vohr BR, Fanaroff AA, Perritt RL, Duara S, Stoll BJ, Goldberg R, Laptook A, Poole K, Wright LL, Oh W. Does labor influence neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely-low-birth-weight infants who are born by cesarean delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Aug;189(2):501-6.
• Wadhawan R, Oh W, Perritt R, Laptook AR, Poole K, Wright LL, Fanaroff AA, Duara S, Stoll BJ, Goldberg R. Association between early postnatal weight loss and death or BPD in small and appropriate for gestational age extremely low-birth-weight infants. J Perinatol. 2007 Jun;27(6):359-64. Epub 2007 Apr 19.
• Tyson JE, Parikh NA, Langer J, Green C, Higgins RD; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Intensive care for extreme prematurity--moving beyond gestational age. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 17;358(16):1672-81.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Infants inborn at NICHD NRN centers that are:
• 401-1000 grams birth weight, and/or
• 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks (<29 weeks) gestational age
• Infants enrolled in one or more additional NICHD NRN interventional trials or time-limited observational studies. For infants that do not meet the inclusion criteria above, inclusion and exclusion criteria for the Generic Database are determined by the criteria for the additional trial(s). In these cases, infants that are larger than 1,000 grams and/or older than 29 weeks may be included in the GDB.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Infants >1,000 grams birth weight and/or >29 weeks gestational age

Note: These inclusion criteria were changed as of 1/1/2008. Prior to this date, all infants with birth weights between 401 and 1500 grams who are admitted to NRN NICUs within 14 days of birth were included in the database.