RATIONALE: Celecoxib may be an effective treatment for early stage prostate cancer. It is not yet known if celecoxib is more effective than no treatment before surgery for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Randomized phase I trial to determine the effectiveness of celecoxib given before surgery to remove the prostate in treating patients who have localized prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES:

• Compare biomarker modulation (prostaglandin levels) in tissue samples of patients with localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant celecoxib vs placebo followed by prostatectomy.
• Compare the effect of these regimens on angiogenic factors within the prostate in these patients.
• Determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of celecoxib in these patients.
• Compare the toxicity profiles of these regimens in these patients.
• Compare the compliance of patients treated with these regimens.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

• Arm I: Patients receive oral neoadjuvant celecoxib twice daily.
• Arm II: Patients receive oral neoadjuvant placebo twice daily. Treatment in both arms continues for at least 4 weeks followed by prostatectomy.

Patients are followed within 1 month and then at 3 months.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 60-70 patients (at least 30 per arm) will be accrued for this study.

• Drug: celecoxib
• Procedure: conventional surgery
• Procedure: neoadjuvant therapy

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate with one or more of the following:

  • Gleason sum at least 7
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at least 15 ng/mL
  • Clinical stage T2b or T2c (stage II)
  • Any combination of PSA, clinical stage, or Gleason sum with an estimated risk of capsular penetration greater than 45%
• At least 3 positive core biopsies
• Planned radical prostatectomy
• No metastatic disease secondary to prostate cancer

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age:

• 18 and over

Performance status:

• ECOG 0-1

Life expectancy:

• Not specified

Hematopoietic:

• WBC greater than 3,000/mm^3
• Platelet count greater than 100,000/mm^3
• Hemoglobin greater than 9 g/dL
• No history of bleeding disorders

Hepatic:

• Bilirubin less than 1.5 mg/dL
• AST/ALT less than 1.5 times upper limit of normal
• No viral hepatitis

Renal:

• Creatinine no greater than 1.5 mg/dL OR
• Creatinine clearance at least 50 mL/min

Other:

• No history of hypersensitivity and/or adverse reactions to salicylates
• No allergy to sulfa-containing medications
• No other active malignancy within the past 5 years except superficial bladder cancer or nonmelanoma skin cancer
• No medical or psychiatric problem that would preclude study participation
• No active infection
• HIV negative

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy:

• No prior immunologic therapy for prostate cancer

Chemotherapy:

• At least 4 weeks since prior chemotherapy and recovered

Endocrine therapy:

• No prior androgen ablation for prostate cancer
• At least 4 weeks since prior hormonal therapy and recovered
• At least 30 days since prior chronic use (more than 3 times per week for more than 2 weeks) of glucocorticoids
• No concurrent glucocorticoids

Radiotherapy:

• At least 4 weeks since prior radiotherapy to the pelvis or surrounding tissues and recovered

Surgery:

• See Disease Characteristics
• At least 4 weeks since prior major surgery and recovered

Other:

• No prior investigational therapy for prostate cancer
• No prior or concurrent chronic anticoagulants
• No prior cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor therapy (e.g., rofecoxib or celecoxib)
• At least 4 weeks since prior initiation of vitamins (except multivitamin) or herbs with known effects on prostate function (PSA)
• At least 30 days since prior chronic use (more than 3 times per week for more than 2 weeks) of aspirin (greater than 100 mg/day) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• At least 24 hours since prior use and no concurrent use of any of the following:

  • Over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription products containing aspirin or NSAIDs; OTC products containing bismuth subsalicylate, sodium salicylate, and/or magnesium salicylate; choline salicylate; ranitidine; cimetidine; famotidine; or lansoprazole
• No aspirin (100 mg/day) within 1 week prior to surgery
• No concurrent addition of vitamins or herbal supplements