ACTG 388 was a clinical trial that compared three- and four-drug anti-HIV drug regimens and demonstrated the effectiveness of a three-drug regimen. This study will compare the ability of two different three-drug anti-HIV drug regimens to reduce levels of HIV in the blood. The study will also evaluate whether patients discontinue the regimens because of drug side effects.

ACTG 388 was designed to evaluate two four-drug regimens compared with a three-drug regimen in patients who were relatively treatment naive. Based on the increased complexity and toxicity of four-drug regimens and the resultant negative impact on response as compared with three-drug regimens, studies evaluating simplified potent regimens appear warranted. This study will evaluate simpilified drug regimens designed to enhance virologic activity without necessarily increasing the number of antiretroviral drugs. The study regimens will be assessed for both virologic control and tolerability. The study population will include patients previously enrolled in ACTG 388 and patients with prior advanced HIV disease who received and responded to potent antiretroviral therapy without evidence of virologic relapse.

Patients will be stratified according to ACTG 388 treatment or non-ACTG 388 study participation. Patients will then be randomized to receive either a protease inhibitor (PI)-sparing regimen of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with efavirenz (EFV) (Arm I) or an NRTI-sparing regimen of EFV with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) (Arm II). Arm I options are enteric-coated didanosine (ddI-EC) plus lamivudine (3TC), ddI-EC plus zidovudine (ZDV), ZDV plus 3TC (or Combivir), stavudine (d4T) plus 3TC, or ddI-EC plus d4T (with exceptions as noted in the protocol). Only LPV/r, EFV, d4T, and ddI are provided by the study; other medications are obtained by nonstudy prescription.

All patients are evaluated for safety and for virologic and immunologic responses at Weeks 4 and 8, then every 8 weeks until the study ends. In addition, all patients have assessments for fat redistribution, fasting lipid profiles, fasting insulin levels, venous lactate levels, and treatment adherence. Patients will be followed for 1.5 to 3 years. Interim safety analyses will be conducted in June 2002 and June 2003. Patients in this study may also enroll in A5125s, a fat distribution and bone mineral density substudy.

• Drug: lopinavir/ritonavir
• Drug: lamivudine/zidovudine
• Drug: efavirenz
• Drug: lamivudine
• Drug: stavudine
• Drug: zidovudine
• Drug: didanosine

• Tebas P, Zhang J, Yarasheski K, Evans S, Fischl MA, Shevitz A, Feinberg J, Collier AC, Shikuma C, Brizz B, Sattler F; for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG). Switching to a protease inhibitor-containing, nucleoside-sparing regimen (lopinavir/ritonavir plus efavirenz) increases limb fat but raises serum lipid levels: results of a prospective randomized trial (AIDS clinical trial group 5125s). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Jun 1;45(2):193-200.
• Demeter LM, Ribaudo HJ, Erice A, Eshleman SH, Hammer SM, Hellmann NS, Fischl MA; AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 388. HIV-1 drug resistance in subjects with advanced HIV-1 infection in whom antiretroviral combination therapy is failing: a substudy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 388. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 15;39(4):552-8. Epub 2004 Jul 30.

Inclusion Criteria for ACTG 388 Participants

• HIV-1 RNA level <= 200 copies/ml within 70 days of study entry
• Stable anti-HIV drug plan without harmful drug side effects or serious illness at the time of study entry

Inclusion Criteria for Non-ACTG 388 Participants

• Potent anti-HIV drug regimen as a first HIV treatment for at least 18 months
• HIV-1 RNA level >= 80,000 copies/ml or CD4+ count <= 200 cells/mm3 prior to starting anti-HIV drug regimen
• HIV-1 RNA level <= 400 copies/ml (or less than 500 copies/ml by bDNA) within 32 weeks of initial therapy
• HIV-1 RNA level <= 200 copies/ml within 60 days of study entry

Inclusion Criteria for Both ACTG 388 and Non-ACTG 388 Participants

• Acceptable methods of contraception
• Consent of parent or legal guardian if under 18 years of age

Exclusion Criteria for ACTG 388 Participants

• Viral resistance to study drugs as determined by resistance studies during ACTG 388

Exclusion Criteria for ACTG 388 and Non-ACTG 388 Participants

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Certain heart medicines (flecainide or propafenone); antihistamines (astemizole and terfenadine); rifampin; ergot derivatives (dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, or methylergonovine); intestinal agents (cisapride); herbal products (St. John's wort); lovastatin or simvastatin; neuroleptics (pimozide); and sedatives/hypnotics (midazolam or triazolam)
• Allergy study drugs