Interferon Alfa With or Without Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

RATIONALE: Interferon alfa may interfere with the growth of cancer cells.Vaccines may make the body build an immune response to kill tumor cells. It is not yet known whether melanoma vaccine plus interferon alfa is more effective than interferon alfa alone in treating patients with metastatic melanoma.

PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of interferon alfa with or without vaccine therapy in treating patients with metastatic melanoma.

OBJECTIVES: I. Compare survival following immunotherapy with an allogeneic melanoma vaccine plus interferon alfa-2b (IFN-A) vs. IFN-A alone in patients with metastatic melanoma. II. Assess the safety and toxicity of immunotherapy with an allogeneic melanoma vaccine plus IFN-A in these patients. III. Compare the frequencies of durable complete responses in each treatment group. IV. Compare overall clinical objective response, duration of response, and time to disease progression in each treatment group. V. Compare the effects of immunotherapy with an allogeneic melanoma vaccine plus IFN-A vs IFN-A alone on quality of life in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified by location of metastatic sites (visceral and bone vs nonvisceral and lung) and number of metastatic sites (1 vs 2 vs 3 or more). Patients are randomized to one of two treatment arms. Arm I: Patients receive allogenic melanoma cell lysate vaccine with detoxified endotoxin subcutaneously (SQ) weekly on weeks 1-5 and 8-12. Interferon alfa (IFN-A) SQ is administered three times a week beginning on week 4. Patients with responding or stable disease receive vaccine monthly beginning on week 16. IFN-A continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Arm II: Patients receive IFN-A SQ three times a week beginning on week 1. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Quality of life is assessed before, during, and after treatment. Patients are followed every 3 months.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 300 patients will be entered over 2 years.

• Biological: Detox-B adjuvant
• Biological: recombinant interferon alfa

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Histologically confirmed malignant melanoma that is metastatic (any pT, any N, M1 by AJCC staging) Measurable disease by physical exam or noninvasive radiologic procedure No concurrent or prior diagnosis of ocular melanoma No CNS metastases No patients who can be rendered NED by surgery unless patient declines surgery

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: 18 and over Performance status: ECOG 0 or 1 Life expectancy: At least 4 months Hematopoietic: Absolute granulocyte count at least 1,500/mm3 Platelet count at least 100,000/mm3 Hepatic: Bilirubin no greater than 2 mg/dL AST or ALT no greater than 3 times normal No evidence of hepatic failure No active hepatitis Renal: Creatinine clearance at least 40 mL/min Cardiovascular: No myocardial infarction within 6 months No decompensating congestive heart failure No unstable angina No current symptomatic arrhythmia Other: No known HIV antibody No thyroid abnormality uncontrollable by medication No medical, sociological, or psychological impediment to study compliance No pre-existing psychiatric condition (especially depression) or history of severe psychiatric disorder No autoimmune disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis) No concurrent malignancy except nonmelanomatous skin cancer Not pregnant or nursing Negative pregnancy test Effective contraception required of fertile women No history of egg allergies

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: At least 12 months since interferon alfa or melanoma vaccine No prior immunotherapy for metastatic disease No concurrent cytokines or levamisole Chemotherapy: No prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease At least 4 months since adjuvant therapy No concurrent chemotherapy Endocrine therapy: At least 1 week since corticosteroids No concurrent immunosuppressives (e.g., azathioprine or cyclosporine) Radiotherapy: Prior radiotherapy for metastatic disease allowed Surgery: See Disease Characteristics Prior surgery for metastatic disease allowed