We aim to delineate the range of severity, natural history, molecular etiology, and pathophysiology of Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS), McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (MKS), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), Oro-facial digital syndromes (OFDs), and other overlapping phenotypes. These disorders comprise a syndrome community of overlapping manifestations and we hypothesize that this is a reflection of a common mechanistic pathway. This hypothesis be addressed by a combined clinical-molecular approach where we bring up to 50-100 patients with each disorder to the NIH clinical center for a comprehensive clinical evaluation with follow-up at a frequency appropriate to the disorder. Specimens will be collected and evaluated in the laboratory by linkage analysis, physical mapping, candidate gene characterization, mutation screening, and cell biologic studies of normal mutant proteins.

We aim to use the power of modern molecular genetics and clinical research to delineate the range of severity, natural history, molecular etiology, and pathophysiology of a number of congenital anomaly syndromes. The goal of the research is to develop a knowledge base that allows proper clinical and molecular diagnosis of patients with rare congenital anomaly disorders. Our paradigm is the previous work we have done with Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS) and Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS), where we have successfully used a combined clinical -molecular approach. Using this strategy, we have brought 50-100 patients or families with these disorders to the NIH Clinical Center (NIH CC) for a comprehensive clinical evaluation with follow-up at a frequency appropriate to the disorder. We have alos clinical and/or molecularly evaluated many additional patients with atypical or non-classic presentations of PHS and GCPS and have conducted exploratory studies of other phenotypes to determine how they might fit into the more general models generated to explain PHS and GCPS. Specimens from patients participating in both the laboratory and clinical arms of the protocol will be collected and evaluated in the laboratory by linkage analysis, physical mapping, candidate gene characterization, mutation screening, and cell biologic studies of normal and mutant proteins.

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Subjects with clinical manifestations of a congenital anomaly or craniofacial syndrome, or a single congenital anomaly that is also seen as part of a congenital anomaly syndrome will be considered eligible for participation in this protocol.

Blood will also be requested on unaffected relatives that could be informative for linkage studies or for determining co-segregation of mutations within families. Subjects of either gender and all ethnic and racial groups will be accepted.

Prenatal specimens (amniocentesis or CVS) will be accepted if they are previously acquired for clinically indicated reasons. Cord blood or placenta specimens may be accepted if they (or a part of them) are not needed for clinical purposes.

Specimens from patients collected at outside institutions may be accepted into the study if they were collected under an IRB-approved protocol at an MPA or FWA institution.

Coded specimens (specimens linked to identifiers but without personal identifiers attached to the sample) may be acquired from other NIH investigators, analyzed, and returned as research results to that investigator.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Patients with phenotypes and disorders with a high risk/benefit ratio such as late-onset, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and cancer-predisposition disorders will be excluded from participation. Similarly, patients who are medially fragile or unable to tolerate travel to the NIH CC will not routinely be eligible for participation.