Fluorescence Angiography: Planning and Monitoring of Perforator Flaps (AFLU)

• Comparison between the position of perforator flap determined by fluorescence angiography and the real anatomic position of the flap determined after dissection [ Time Frame: During the first fluorescent angiography ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  For each flap, the position of the flap determined by fluorescent angiography will be compared with the anatomic position (actual) determined on the relevant flap after dissection (gold standard).
  
  

• Comparison between the position of the perforator flap determined by fluorescence angiography and the position of the flap determined by reference imaging techniques relevant to the flap (CT angiography or doppler ultrasonography) [ Time Frame: During the first fluorescent angiography ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  For each flap, the position of the flap determined by fluorescent angiography will be compared with the position determined by reference imaging techniques relevant to the flap (CT angiography or doppler ultrasonography)
  
  
• Intraoperative monitoring of the quality of micro-vascular anastomoses using fluorescent angiography [ Time Frame: Just after micro-vascular anastomoses ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

  Intraoperative monitoring of vascular flow through the micro-anastomoses will be determined by:

  • measuring the arterial and venous trans-anastomotic flow (ml / mm)
  • flow measurement (ml / mm) of an equivalent diameter vessel located in the operative field and not affected by the anastomosis
  • intrinsic transit time (in seconds) which is the time required for the fluorescence between the arterial anastomosis and the venous anastomosis
  • the number of leaks around the anastomosis.
  
  
• Postoperative monitoring of flap perfusion using fluorescence angiography [ Time Frame: Every six hours for four days after surgery ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  This is to test the hypothesis that the dynamics of the fluorescence intensity in the area of ​​interest is a prognostic factor for postoperative complications.
  
  

Reconstructive surgery is intended to replace amputated anatomical regions by autologous tissue taken from distant locations: flaps. The goal is to restitute ad integrum with minimal sequelae. Among the flaps available, perforator flaps have the advantage of being highly plastic, large and can be taken from accessory vessels the loss of wich does not compromise the vitality of the sampling site. However their more variable anatomy requires irradiating preoperative morphological assessment (CT angiography) or a doppler ultrasonography that is not always performed by the surgeon himself and does not distinguish between muscle perforator and skin perforator.

Fluorescence angiography is a superficial exploration technique of vascularization. After intravenous injection of a tracer (indocyanine green ICG), fluorescence angiography provides useful surface angiographic imaging in real-time. It can also help in monitoring intraoperative and postoperative quality of vascular anastomoses. Although fluorescence angiography has numerous applications (ophthalmology, neurosurgery, liver transplantation...), its usefulness in surgical flaps is only supported by a few publications. None really validate its clinical value by comparing it to reference investigations (CT angiography or doppler ultrasonography).

20 candidate for reconstructive surgery will be included in this study. The day before surgery, in addition to the usual technique used to locate perforator flaps, the patient will receive an injection of 0.025 mg / kg Infracyanine® (indocyanine green) and the area of ​​interest of the flap will be explored with the Fluobeam™ camera.

Two hours after the surgery, during the usual clinical monitoring of the vitality of the flap, a new injection of Infracyanine® will test perfusion of the flap by measuring fluorescence intensity of the target area. These measurement will then be repeated every 6 hours for 4 days.