Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial of Delirium Management by Geriatric Medicine Versus General Medicine (CADIS)

• Return home rate [ Time Frame: 10-50 days ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  The percentage of subjects returning home divided by the number living at home prior to admission and surviving until discharge
  
  
• Survival [ Time Frame: 30, 90, 180 days, 12 and 24 month ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  Surivors divided by subjects reaching that milestone
  
  
• Percentage residing at home [ Time Frame: 30, 90 and 180 days, 12 and 24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  Number of subjects at home divided by number surviving to that milesone
  
  
• Hospital complications of delirium [ Time Frame: 7-50 days from admission ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  Absconding from ward, physical violence, pulling out intravenous lines and indwelling catheters, refusing medications, falls and injurious falls
  
  

Delirium research has been stuck in 1990 with the CAM. Articles appearing in 2012 could have been written in 1990. The CAM is riddled with logical fallacies such as 1) Circular reasoning about hearing loss causing delirium - hearing loss causes incorrect answers to questions on orientation and attention, leading to false positive diagnosis of delirium; 2) Circular reasoning on dementia causing delirium - dementia often does cause delirium but behavioral and psychological symptoms of delirium (BPSD) are the most common false positive diagnosis of delirium. CADIS (Central Coast Australia Delirium Intervention Study) will compare CAM+ to CAM- age 65+ in emergency department (prevalent delirium). Paul Regal has already shown that the 8% of 630 elderly he admitted from January 2011 to June 2012 who were CAM+ had the same survival (hospital, 90 day, 180 day and 12 month) and return home rate (65%) as 580 CAM negative elderly. The Regal criteria for delirium are completely novel. For every error in questions, the Regal system forces the examiner to determine if the error is due to poor hearing or cognitive impairment. A portable amplifier with headphones is used. The Regal methods uses recent records as the baseline for attention, memory and orientation questions. For example, an 83 year-old woman was assessed in memory clinic and had digit span forward 5/5 and 5/6; 5-word recall at 5 minutes in MoCA was 4/5; orientation was 10/10. Two months later she is admitted for RLL pneumonia and confusion. Digit span declined by 40% to 3/5, 5-word recall at 5 minutes declined by 100% to 0/5 and orientation declined by 40% to 6/10. There was no event during the two months such as stroke to explain this decline.

Another novel feature of CADIS is follow-up by a blinded clinical nurse consultant at 30 and 90 days, 12 and 24 months for MoCA, Addenbrooke Cognitve Assessment and four tests from CANTABeclipse (Cambridge Cognition) touchscreen laptop. The hypothesis is that "persistent delirium" is due primarily to irreverible brain events such as ischemic stroke.