A Randomized Trial to Prevent Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Full Text View

Purpose

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that usually presents with few if any side effects. When first infected, some people may have symptoms similar to mononucleosis (i.e., fatigue, weakness, fever, swollen glands). Most people in the United States are infected during childhood or as adults if they work around children. Pregnant women, who have not been infected with CMV in the past and become infected during pregnancy (i.e. a primary infection), may cause their babies to get infected with CMV. Babies that are infected may develop permanent disabilities including hearing loss and a small portion will die from the infection.

Currently it is not routine practice to screen pregnant women for CMV infection. Additionally, there is no agreement about how to evaluate and manage pregnant women infected with CMV for the first time. There is also no evidence that treatment is beneficial for the baby.

The purpose of this research study is to determine whether treating pregnant women who have a primary CMV infection with CMV antibodies will reduce the number of babies infected with CMV.

Condition	Intervention	Phase
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Maternal Cytomegalovirus Infection	Drug: CMV hyperimmune globulin	Phase 3

Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator) Primary Purpose: Prevention
Official Title:	A Randomized Trial to Prevent Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: Cytomegalovirus Infections High Blood Pressure

Drug Information available for: Human cytomegalovirus immune globulin Cytotect

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD):

Primary Outcome Measures:

Composite Outcome [ Time Frame: 3 weeks of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
The primary outcome is defined as fetal loss (spontaneous or termination), confirmed fetal CMV infection from amniocentesis, neonatal death before assessment of CMV infection can be made, or neonatal congenital CMV infection. Neonatal congenital CMV infection is diagnosed by urine or saliva collected by 3 weeks of age that is positive for CMV by culture (the intent will be to obtain in the first two days of life). In the event that PCR is positive but culture is negative, a repeat culture must be positive by 3 weeks of age.

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Gestational hypertension [ Time Frame: 42 weeks of pregnancy ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Preeclampsia [ Time Frame: 42 weeks of pregnancy ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Placental abruption [ Time Frame: 42 weeks of pregnancy ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Gestational age at delivery [ Time Frame: 42 weeks of pregnancy ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Gestational age at delivery and preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation or < 34 weeks' gestation
Adverse reactions and side effects [ Time Frame: Up to 42 weeks of pregnancy ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
Fetal and neonatal mortality [ Time Frame: 24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Primary outcome excluding terminations [ Time Frame: 3 weeks of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Head circumference [ Time Frame: 3 days of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Measured within 72 hours of birth
Birth weight [ Time Frame: 1 day of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Growth restriction [ Time Frame: 1 day of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Growth restriction defined as <5th percentile weight for gestational age, assessed specifically by sex and race of the infant based on United States birth certificate data
Microcephaly [ Time Frame: 3 days of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Symptomatic CMV infection [ Time Frame: 3 weeks of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Symptomatic CMV infection defined as CMV isolated from an amniocentesis, or urine or saliva during the first three weeks of life and at least one of the following: jaundice, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, growth restriction, failure to thrive, intracerebral calcifications, microcephaly, hypotonia, seizures, petechial rash, hearing loss, interstitial pneumonitis, thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatitis, chorioretinitis, or CMV in cerebrospinal fluid
Intraventricular hemorrhage [ Time Frame: 1 day of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) as determined by cranial ultrasounds performed as part of routine clinical care and classified based on the Papile classification system
Ventriculomegaly [ Time Frame: 1 day of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) [ Time Frame: participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
This diagnosis will be reached when an ophthalmologic examination of the retina has been performed and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is diagnosed at Stage I (demarcation line in the retina) or greater.
Respiratory distress syndrome [ Time Frame: participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) defined as the presence of clinical signs of respiratory distress (tachypnea, retractions, flaring, grunting, or cyanosis), with an oxygen requirement and a chest x-ray that shows hypoventilation and reticulogranular infiltrates.
Chronic lung disease [ Time Frame: 28 days of life ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Chronic lung disease, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) defined as oxygen requirement at 28 days of life.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) [ Time Frame: participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), defined as modified Bell Stage 2 or 3. Stage 2: Clinical signs and symptoms with pneumatosis intestinalis on radiographs. Stage 3: Advanced clinical signs and symptoms, pneumatosis, impending or proven intestinal perforation.
Hyperbilirubinemia [ Time Frame: participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Peak total bilirubin of at least 15 mg% or the use of phototherapy
Neonatal infectious morbidity [ Time Frame: participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Sepsis (within 72 hours and > 72 hours after birth).
- Suspected sepsis.
- Pneumonia.
Seizures / encephalopathy [ Time Frame: participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Length of hospital stay [ Time Frame: participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Length of hospital stay, need for NICU or intermediate care admission and length of stay if admitted
Infant or child death [ Time Frame: 2 years of age ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Sensorineural hearing loss [ Time Frame: 12 and 24 months corrected age ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
(unilateral and bilateral)
Chorioretinitis [ Time Frame: 2 years of age ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Chorioretinitis defined by ophthalmologic exam
Cognitive and Motor Scores from the Bayley Certified Scales of Infant Development III [ Time Frame: 12 and 24 months corrected age ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Infant/Child composite outcome [ Time Frame: 2 years of age ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Composite outcome at 24 months including any of the following attributable to congenital CMV infection:
- Sensorineural hearing loss (unilateral and bilateral)
- Developmental delay defined as Cognitive score < 70 or Motor score < 70 on the Bayley III
- Chorioretinitis
- Fetal loss or death of neonate, infant or child

Estimated Enrollment:	800
Study Start Date:	April 2012
Estimated Study Completion Date:	December 2018
Estimated Primary Completion Date:	May 2018 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Arms	Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: Cytogam Infusion of Cytogam®, Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) (CMV-IGIV)	Drug: CMV hyperimmune globulin The study's active drug is Cytogam® which is an immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing a standardized amount of antibody to CMV. This drug contains pooled adult human plasma selected for high titers of antibody for CMV, and is administered intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Other Names: CMV-IGIV Cytogam
Placebo Comparator: Placebo IV 5% albumin diluted 1 to 9 with D5W	Drug: CMV hyperimmune globulin The study's active drug is Cytogam® which is an immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing a standardized amount of antibody to CMV. This drug contains pooled adult human plasma selected for high titers of antibody for CMV, and is administered intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Other Names: CMV-IGIV Cytogam

Detailed Description:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection, with approximately 44,000 congenitally infected infants in the U.S. per year. A substantial proportion of these infants will die or suffer permanent injury as a result of their infection. The severity of congenital infection is greatest with primary maternal CMV infection. Currently, there is no proven method of preventing congenital CMV infection, and the approach to primary maternal CMV infection in the United States is haphazard and ineffective. One small, non-randomized study suggests that maternal administration of CMV hyperimmune globulin may significantly reduce the rate of congenital CMV infection following maternal primary infection. The MFMU CMV Trial will address the primary research question: does maternal administration of CMV hyperimmune globulin lower the rate of congenital CMV infection among the offspring of women who have been diagnosed with primary CMV infection during early pregnancy?

The research study is funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Fourteen medical centers across the country are participating in this research study. In all, 800 pregnant women who are identified with a primary CMV infection will be enrolled in this research study. The children of these women will be evaluated and tested at one and two years of age.

Eligibility

Genders Eligible for Study:	Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	Yes

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosis of primary maternal CMV infection on the basis of one of the following:
1. A positive CMV Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody and low-avidity maternal CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody screen
2. Evidence of maternal seroconversion with development of CMV IgG antibody following a prior negative CMV screen
Gestational age at randomization no later than 23 weeks 6 days based on clinical information and evaluation of the earliest ultrasound; or no later than 27 weeks 6 days for women with a positive IgM, negative IgG initially screened before 23 weeks who are rescreened after 2-4 weeks and have evidence of IgG seroconversion.
Singleton pregnancy. A twin pregnancy reduced to singleton (either spontaneously or therapeutically) before 14 weeks by project gestational age is acceptable.

Exclusion Criteria:

Maternal CMV infection pre-dating pregnancy as defined by a high IgG avidity index or a positive IgG in the presence of a negative IgM.
Known hypersensitivity to plasma or plasma derived products
Planned termination of pregnancy
Known major fetal anomalies or demise
Maternal IgA deficiency
Planned use of immune globulin, ganciclovir, or valganciclovir
Maternal renal disease (most recent pre-randomization serum creatinine ≥ 1.4 mg/dL; all women must have serum creatinine measured during the pregnancy and prior to randomization)
Maternal immune impairment (e.g., HIV infection, organ transplant on anti-rejection medications)
Findings on pre-randomization ultrasound suggestive of established fetal CMV infection (cerebral ventriculomegaly, microcephaly, cerebral or intra-abdominal calcifications, abnormalities of amniotic fluid volume, echogenic bowel or ascites). Abnormally low amniotic fluid volume is defined as no fluid prior to 14 weeks or maximum vertical pocket < 2 cm on or after 14 weeks gestation. Abnormally high amniotic fluid volume is defined as > 10 cm.
Positive fetal CMV findings from culture (amniotic fluid) or PCR.
Congenital infection with rubella, syphilis, varicella, parvovirus or toxoplasmosis diagnosed by serology and ultrasound or amniotic fluid testing.
Intention of the patient or of the managing obstetricians for the delivery to be outside a Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU) Network center
Participation in another interventional study that influences fetal or neonatal death
Unwilling or unable to commit to 2 year follow-up of the infant

Contacts and Locations

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01376778

Contacts

Contact: Uma Reddy, MD, MPH	301-496-1074	Uma.Reddy@nih.gov
Contact: Elizabeth Thom, PhD	301-881-9260

Locations

United States, Alabama
University of Alabama - Birmingham	Recruiting
Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233
Contact: Stacy Harris, BSN 205-934-1322 stacylharris@uabmc.edu
Principal Investigator: Alan TN Tita, MD
United States, California
Stanford University	Recruiting
Stanford, California, United States, 94305-5317
Contact: Karin Kushniruk, RN, PhD 650-724-0395 karink1@stanford.edu
Principal Investigator: Mary Norton, MD
United States, Colorado
University of Colorado Denver	Recruiting
Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
Contact: Kathy Hale, BSN 303-724-6685 Kathy.A.Hale@ucdenver.edu
Principal Investigator: Ronald Gibbs, MD
United States, Illinois
Northwestern University	Recruiting
Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
Contact: Gail Mallett, BSN 312-926-2475 g-mallett@northwestern.edu
Principal Investigator: Alan M Peaceman, MD
United States, New York
Columbia University	Recruiting
New York, New York, United States, 10032
Contact: Sabine Bousleiman 212-305-4348 sb1080@columbia.edu
Principal Investigator: Ronald Wapner, MD
United States, North Carolina
University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill	Recruiting
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27599
Contact: Kelly Clark, RN 919-350-6117 kelly_clark@med.unc.edu
Principal Investigator: John M Thorp, Jr., MD
Duke University	Recruiting
Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
Contact: Tammy Sinclair Bishop, RN 919-668-7475 sincl008@mc.duke.edu
Principal Investigator: Geeta Swamy, MD
United States, Ohio
Case Western Reserve-Metrohealth	Recruiting
Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44109
Contact: Cyndi Milluzzi, RN 216-778-8094 cmilluzzi@metrohealth.org
Principal Investigator: Brian M Mercer, MD
Ohio State University	Recruiting
Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
Contact: Francee Johnson, RN 614-293-5632 johnson.126@osu.edu
Principal Investigator: Jay Iams, MD
United States, Rhode Island
Brown University	Recruiting
Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02905
Contact: Catherine Mansell, MSN 401-274-1122 ext 8514 cmansell@wihri.org
Principal Investigator: Dwight Rouse, MD
United States, Texas
University of Texas - Southwest	Recruiting
Dallas, Texas, United States, 75235
Contact: Lisa Moseley, RN 214-590-8041 lisa.moseley@utsouthwestern.edu
Principal Investigator: Kenneth J Leveno, MD
University of Texas - Galveston	Recruiting
Galveston, Texas, United States, 77555
Contact: Ashley Salazar, MSN 409-747-1733 assalaza@utmb.edu
Principal Investigator: George R Saade, MD
University of Texas - Houston	Recruiting
Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
Contact: Felecia Ortiz, RN 713-500-6467 Felecia.Ortiz@uth.tmc.edu
Principal Investigator: Sean Blackwell, MD
United States, Utah
University of Utah Medical Center	Recruiting
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84132
Contact: Kim Hill, RN 801-585-5586 Kim.Hill@hsc.utah.edu
Principal Investigator: Michael W Varner, MD

Sponsors and Collaborators

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Investigators

Study Director:	Uma Reddy, MD, MPH	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Principal Investigator:	Elizabeth Thom, PhD	George Washington University
Study Chair:	Brenna Anderson, MD	Brown University

More Information

No publications provided

Responsible Party:	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT01376778 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	HD36801-CMV, U01HD036801
Study First Received:	June 15, 2011
Last Updated:	January 14, 2013
Health Authority:	United States: Federal Government

Keywords provided by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD):

Perinatology
Cytomegalovirus immune globulin
Cytogam
CMVIG infusions

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Cytomegalovirus Infections
Herpesviridae Infections
DNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Pharmacologic Actions

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 16, 2013