Vacant Lot Greening and Violence-Related Outcomes

• Perceptions of safety and violence [ Time Frame: measured twice - once during first month of study and once during 4th or 5th month. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  We will be performing qualitative interviews to assess perceptions of safety and violence. We will compare these perceptions over time between two groups.
  
  

• Heart Rate [ Time Frame: measured twice - once during first month of study and once during 4th or 5th month of study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Participants wear a heart rate monitor during a walk around their neighborhood.
  
  
• Violent crime statistics [ Time Frame: Measured 6 months before intervention and 6 months after intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  We will obtain crime statistics, including homicide, robbery, rape, and assault in the area around each cluster of vacant lots.
  
  
• Safe/Unsafe items in the environment [ Time Frame: measured twice - once during the first month of the study and once during the 4th or 5th month. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  During a walk around the neighborhood, participants will point out items in the environment which they feel are safe or unsafe.
  
  

Violence is a serious health problem in the US, and especially in Philadelphia, as the city ranks first in violent crime amongst the ten largest US cities. The determinants of violent crime range from individual to community level factors. In this study, we focus on physical incivilities in the built environment, specifically vacant lots, as they have been associated with violent crime. Physical incivilities are also associated with individual perceptions of crime and safety, and subsequently, negative health outcomes. However, prior research has been observational and retrospective. We aim to expand this body of work through a randomized community intervention trial of vacant lot greening to explore causal mechanisms between vacant lots and violent crime outcomes. This pilot study, in partnership with the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, will investigate the feasibility of a vacant lot greening intervention, and explore how vacant lot greening changes resident perception about violence, fear, stress, and neighborhood disorder, as well as violent crime in the surrounding area. We will interview residents living around the greened and non-greened lots during a joint walk around a pre-determined route, which will ensure exposure to our intervention. We will also use violent crime data (homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and rape) from the Philadelphia Police Department. Results of this pilot trial will be used to develop a full scale vacant lot greening grant to be submitted to the National Institutes of Health or the National Institute of Justice.