Effect of Extended-Release Niacin on Saphenous Vein Graft Atherosclerosis (ALPINE-SVG)

• change in percent atheroma volume at 12 months intravascular ultrasonography [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• change in total and normalized total intermediate SVG lesion atheroma volume [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• reduction of atheroma volume in the most diseased 10-mm subsegment of the target intermediate lesion [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• reduction of atheroma volume in the subsegment of the target intermediate lesion with lipid core plaque by near-infrared spectroscopy [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• lipid core burden index as assessed by near-infrared intracoronary spectroscopy [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• increase in fibrous cap thickness and reduction in the prevalence and number of microchannels, in the presence and extent of necrotic lipid pool, plaque rupture, calcification, and thrombus, as assessed by optical coherence tomography [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• angiographic intermediate SVG target lesion failure [ Time Frame: 12 month ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• exercise capacity and ischemia, as assessed by exercise stress testing [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• carotid intima-media thickness [ Time Frame: 6 and 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• reactive hyperemia index [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• EPC-CFU/mL of peripheral blood [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• major adverse cardiac events (defined as the composite of death, acute coronary syndrome, or coronary revascularization) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  

This is a phase II, single-center, double-blind trial that will randomize 138 prior CABG patients with an intermediate SVG lesion (30%-60% angiographic diameter stenosis) on clinically-indicated coronary angiography, and HDL-C<60 mg/dL to ER-niacin at a dose of 1500-2000 mg daily or matching placebo (containing 50 mg of niacin that can cause flushing but has no lipid lowering effect) for 12 months. All patients will receive a statin with goal LDL-C <70 mg/dL. Coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS), and intravascular near-infrared intracoronary spectroscopy (NIRS), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the intermediate SVG lesion will be performed at enrollment and after 12 months in each patient, along with exercise stress testing at 1 month and 12 months, B-mode carotid ultrasound imaging at enrollment and after 6 and 12 months, reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) at enrollment and after 6 and 12 months, and with peripheral blood sampling performed at enrollment and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, to determine whether compared to placebo, administration of ER-niacin will result in:

1. Reduction of the percent atheroma volume (PAV) of the intermediate SVG lesion at 12-month follow-up IVUS imaging (primary endpoint)
2. Reduction of total and normalized total intermediate SVG lesion atheroma volume, reduction of atheroma volume in the most diseased 10-mm subsegment of the target intermediate lesion, reduction of atheroma volume in the subsegment of the target intermediate lesion with lipid core plaque by NIRS, reduction of lipid core burden index as assessed by near-infrared intracoronary spectroscopy, increase in fibrous cap thickness and reduction in the prevalence and number of microchannels, in the presence and extent of necrotic lipid pool, plaque rupture, calcification, and thrombus, as assessed by optical coherence tomography, and reduction of angiographic intermediate SVG target lesion failure at 12-month follow-up SVG imaging (secondary endpoints)
3. Increased exercise capacity and reduction in ischemia, as assessed by exercise stress testing between 1 and 12 months (secondary endpoint)
4. Less increase in mean carotid intima-media thickness at 6 and 12 months (secondary endpoint)
5. Greater increase in natural logarithmic scaled reactive hyperemia index (L_RHI) at 6 and 12 months (secondary endpoint)
6. Greater increase in EPC-CFU/mL of peripheral blood from baseline to 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post enrollment (secondary endpoint)
7. Reduction of major adverse cardiac events (defined as the composite of death, acute coronary syndrome, or coronary revascularization) during follow-up (secondary endpoint)