Distribution of Bupropion and Varenicline to Increase Smoking Cessation Attempts

• 7-day Point Prevalence of Abstinence [ Time Frame: 6-month ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  7-day point prevalence of abstinence was assessed by the question "Have you had a cigarette, even a puff, in the past 7 days?"
  
  
• Proportion of Eligible Participants Who Were Able to Attend an Appointment With a Physician [ Time Frame: End of Treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Proportion of eligible participants who were able to attend an appointment with a physician to have the prescription signed
  
  

Bupropion and varenicline are effective pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation, but their population level impact is limited by a combination of factors. Both bupropion and varenicline are only available through prescription, however smoking cessation clinics are few in number and only about 25% of smokers receive information on smoking cessation aids from their healthcare provider. Mass distribution approaches, bypassing clinics and physicians, have been successful for nicotine replacement therapy in many jurisdictions, including Ontario. However, bupropion and varenicline have the potential to make a greater impact given their superior results from the clinical trials. Bupropion and varenicline present a unique challenge as they are prescribed medications, therefore we have proposed a variant of the mass distribution method to test whether it is practical to distribute them to a large number of people over a expansive geographic area (i.e., Ontario).

We hypothesize that engaging smokers with the opportunity to receive free bupropion or varenicline, to initiate an appointment with their physician to obtain a prescription that would be filled and mailed to the smoker from a central pharmacy would be a logistically feasible approach to reach high number of smokers from a wide geographic area. Our second hypothesis is that consistent with the results from clinical studies, in the general population varenicline would be associated with a higher abstinence rate than bupropion, and both varenicline and bupropion groups would achieve higher abstinence rates than those making quit attempts without any pharmacotherapy aid.

This is an open label, proof-of-concept study, wherein 2000 eligible participants will have the opportunity to receive bupropion (Zyban®) or varenicline (Champix®) for 12 weeks in conjunction with weekly motivational emails. Eligible participants will discuss with their doctor which of the two medications is appropriate for them to use as smoking cessation aid. It is also possible that the participant and his/her doctor may decide not to pursue smoking cessation using either of these medications. These participants will form a third intervention group, receiving only the weekly motivational emails. All participants will set a quit date of their choosing, but those receiving medication will set a quit date 7 days after starting the medication. The participants will enroll in the study via the study's website, at which time they will read the consent form, answer the eligibility questions and complete the baseline questionnaire. Data related to the outcome measures and adverse events will be collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the start of treatment and at 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment.