Ankle Manual Therapy for Ankle Sprains (AMT)

• Foot and Ankle Ability Measure [ Time Frame: Intake, 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Patient Global Rating of Improvement [ Time Frame: Intake, 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Modified Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire [ Time Frame: Intake, 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Lower Extremity Self Efficacy Scale [ Time Frame: Intake, 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Positive and Negative Affect Scale [ Time Frame: Intake, 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Ankle sprains can cause ankle joint stiffness. Ankle joint stiffness may be a cause of pain, disability, and repeated sprains. Physical therapists use many ways to treat ankle joints that do not move well. One way takes 1-2 seconds. Another way may take up to 1 minute. Both kinds of stretches seem to improve ankle flexibility. However, we do not know how well they work to improve pain and disability in individuals following ankle sprains. The purpose of this research is to find out which physical therapy treatments work best for people with ankle sprains. To start the study, subjects will be asked to fill out some forms that ask about their ankle problem. Subjects will receive an examination by a physical therapist that includes gentle movements of the feet and legs to test their flexibility, strength, and balance. Subjects will then be assigned to 1 of 3 treatments to be provided by a separate physical therapist. They will not get to choose their group. All 3 groups will receive ankle stretching by the physical therapist. The groups will differ in how much and how fast the stretch will be. The first group will have an ankle stretch that lasts 1-2 seconds. The second group will have a stretch that lasts 1 minute. The third group will have their foot held without any stretching. After stretching, all subjects will receive the same kind of exercise program. Study-related treatment will last 5 sessions over 4 weeks, with 2 sessions for stretching within the 1st week and 1 session per week for the 3 following weeks for the exercise program. After 1 week and 4 weeks, subjects will fill out the same forms as at the initial examination. The treatment part of the study will then be finished. After 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years from enrollment in the study, subjects be asked to fill out many of the same forms that ask about their ankle problem. We think subjects that get a stretch will have a better outcome than subjects that get ankle holding. To test our idea, we will compare how subjects in each group tell us they are doing with their ankle problem on the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure at 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following entry into the study. Since the way a person thinks and feels about their injury may have something to do with how much they improve during physical therapy, we will also measure these factors to find out if they affect the results of this study.