Biomechanics of Wheelchair Transfers

A sample of 58 veterans with paraplegia who use a rigid manual wheelchair will be recruited to participate in this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• level of SCI will be limited to ASIA A classification at T2 through L5 level to standardize physical capabilities,
• SCI for at least 2 years (neurologically stable,
• use rigid manual wheelchair as a primary means of mobility,
• able to self-propel wheelchair,
• able to independently transfer between wheelchair and vehicle,
• between the ages of 18-65,
• living in the community within 100 miles of the Tampa VA hospital,
• able to follow simple instructions,
• free from acute upper extremity injury for at least six months (determined by chart review) to minimize risk of injury during task performance,
• comparable bilateral functional range of motion and strength of the shoulders, elbows and wrists (determined by physical evaluation) to minimize risk of injury during task performance.

Exclusion Criteria:

Candidates who present:

• progressive disease (e.g. spinal tumor),
• extended bedrest for more than 30 days,
• ventilator-dependent,
• any cardiac or respiratory condition that would limit subject's physical performance,
• unstable medical conditions,
• use of power wheelchair or scooter as primary means of mobility,
• pregnancy,
• clinical evidence of severe musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity will be precluded from participating in this study.