• The primary outcome measure will be the proportion of "Therapeutic Failures" diagnosed during the final (week 26) visit or before, according to defined clinical criteria. [ Time Frame: 26 weeks (6 months) ]
  
• Evidence of clinical or laboratory toxicity during the treatment period. [ Time Frame: During the treatment period (20 or 28 days) ]
  

• Proportion of patients with "parasitologic" response 26 weeks after the initiation of treatment. [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ]
  

Inclusion Criteria:

• 2 to 12 years of age (inclusive)
• Parasitologically confirmed CL
• Availability to receive supervised treatment for 28 days (i.e., directly observed therapy, to ensure the therapy is appropriately administered and received - e.g., the miltefosine is "swallowed")
• Availability to return for follow-up visits for at least 6 months after treatment is initiated

Exclusion Criteria:

• Weight under 10kg
• Previous use of SbV, miltefosine or other antileishmanial therapy
• Simultaneous mucosal lesions suggestive of or proven to be mucosal leishmaniasis
• If a girl, ability to reproduce (history of menarche)
• Relative or absolute contraindications for the use of SbV drugs or miltefosine, including history of cardiac, renal or hepatic disease
• Patients with pretreatment haemoglobin <10g/dl or blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, ALT, AST or amylase values that exceed the upper limit of normal
• If living in Malaria endemic areas (eg. Tumaco) only: A positive malaria thick smear