• Nitrogen Balance
  

• Lean body mass
  
• serum prealbumin
  
• length of stay on ventilator, in ICU, in HOSPITAL
  
• infectious complications
  
• outcome (mortality)
  

Critically ill patients are particularly prone to excessive catabolism using skeletal muscle as the primary substrate as a result of maladaptation to critical illness. Ultimately, critical illness leads to a significant loss of lean body mass (LBM). For example, a 40% loss of LBM is associated with a 100% mortality. Anabolic steroids have been studied and have been shown to improve nutrition in select malnourished patient groups, however, the majority of these studies were not well designed or consisted of small sample sizes.

Our hypothesis is anabolic steroid administration will result in an augmentation of positive nitrogen balance and LBM. This increase in LBM will result in liberation from mechanical ventilation sooner than the placebo group and will result in discharge from the ICU sooner, and as a result, a reduction in morbidity (nosocomial infections) and possibly mortality.

All moderately to severly malnourished ICU patients who have an anticipated stay in ICU > 10 days, will be randomized to receive nandrolone (25 mg-females, 50 mg;males) once weekly for six weeks or placebo. All patients will receive a standard enteral nutritional regimen. Patients will be monitored for assessment of nitrogen balance, lean body mass, and length of time spent on ventilator, in ICU and in HOSP, and incidence of infections.Lean body mass will be measured using a bioimpedance analyzer.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. anticipated length of stay in ICU >10 days
2. moderate to severe malnutrition
3. patient tolerating enteral feeds

Exclusion Criteria:

1. age < 18 yrs
2. known allergy to nandrolone
3. women of child bearing age with positive pregancy test
4. contraindications to intramuscular injections ie anticoagulation
5. renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy
6. patients with breast or prostate cancer -