Effectiveness of Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the Treatment of Chronic Otitis Media

• Number of Participants With Otomicroscopic Signs of Otorrhea in Either Ear [ Time Frame: 6, 12 weeks and 1 year follow-up. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  The primary endpoint was otomicroscopic signs of otorrhea in either ear in the presence of a tympanostomy tube or tympanic membrane perforation at 6 and 12 weeks and 1 year follow-up. At these follow-up moments the participants were checked for the presence of otorrhea using an otomicroscope.
  
  

• Number of Patients Who Used Additional Antibiotic Eardrops Between 6 to 12 Week Follow-up [ Time Frame: Between 6 to12 week follow up ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Parents kept a diary of study medication and additional medication used for their child's' ear disease, including eardrops. These data were collected at the follow-up visits.
  
  
• Number of Patients Who Used Additional Antibiotic Eardrops Between 12 Weeks to 1 Year Follow-up [ Time Frame: between 12 weeks to 1 year follow-up ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Parents kept a diary of study medication and additional medication used for their child's' ear disease, including eardrops. These data were collected at the follow-up visits.
  
  
• Number of Patients Who Used Systemic Antibiotics Other Than the Study Medication Between 6 and 12 Weeks Follow-up. [ Time Frame: between 6 and 12 weeks follow-up ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Parents kept a diary of study medication and additional medication used for their child's' ear disease, including additional use of systemic antibiotics other than the study medication. These data were collected at the follow-up visits.
  
  
• Number of Patients Who Used Systemic Antibiotics Other Than the Study Medication Between 12 Weeks and 1 Year Follow-up. [ Time Frame: between 12 weeks and 1 year follow-up ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Parents kept a diary of study medication and additional medication used for their child's' ear disease, including additional use of systemic antibiotics other than the study medication. These data were collected at the follow-up visits.
  
  
• Number of Patients Who Underwent Ear Nose and Throat Surgery Between 12 Weeks and 1 Year Follow-up. [ Time Frame: between 12 weeks and 1 year follow-up ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  After 12 weeks follow-up irrespective of the presence or absence of otorrhea the study medication was discontinued. After the first 12 weeks local otorhinolaryngologists and paediatricians were free to manage symptoms of otorrhea according to their regular practice. Parents kept a diary between 12 weeks and 1 year follow-up where Ear Nose and Throat Surgery was noted. This outcome describes the number of patients who underwent Ear Nose and Throat Surgery between 12 weeks and 1 year follow-up.
  
  

Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common chronic infections in children worldwide. Symptoms include otorrhea, otalgia and hearing loss. In many countries it is treated primarily with antibiotics; in other countries such as the Netherlands a surgical approach, such as a tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, placement or removal of tympanostomy tubes or a tympanomastoidectomy is preferred. There is however, no agreement on the management of this disease.

Co-trimoxazole is an inexpensive antibiotic and tolerated well by children, also when long treatment regimens or prophylaxis is necessary. A previously performed retrospective study of 48 children who were referred to the pediatric department of otorhinolaryngology in the UMC Utrecht because of "therapeutic resistant" otorrhea showed promising results; after 3 months follow-up, 52% of the patients were otorrhea free, 25% had otorrhea incidentally and 23% showed no signs of improvement. Therefore, the treatment of chronic otitis media with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for a minimum of six weeks is promising and might be a good alternative to surgical treatment.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim during 6-12 weeks in children with chronic otitis media and otorrhea for more than 12 weeks.