The HIP PRO Study is a randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of a trochanteric padding system in the reduction of hip fractures in nursing home residents over the age of 65 in up to 45 nursing homes in three regions: Boston, MA, St. Louis, MO, and Baltimore, MD. Eligible residents of these facilities will be screened and then evaluated during a two week run-in period during which a hip protection compliance rate of at least 67% will be required for enrollment. Recruitment of all eligible residents entering each nursing home will continue throughout the 3.5 year follow-up period.

Each subject will be given a set of 4-6 protective underwear containing a single pocket and protective pad so that each resident becomes his/her own control. The side to be protected will be based on the randomization of nursing home facilities to either right or left-sided hip protection. The hip protection underwear is designed so that it may be worn during the day and while in bed at night. Several types of underwear have been designed for residents with special needs (e.g. incontinence, dementia). Compliance and efficacy are monitored at least three times weekly across all three nursing shifts.

A hip fracture adjudication committee, blinded to the side of the fracture, will review all information (including hospital records and radiologists' reports or hip radiographs) and issue a decision on whether a fracture has occurred. Primary analyses will be performed using an "intention to treat" approach. Secondary analyses will investigate resident and nursing home factors associated with hip protection compliance and effectiveness. An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been convened and will review hip fracture rates and adverse event data at regular intervals.

Institutions participating in HIP PRO are: a Data Coordinating Center at Maryland Medical Research Institute in Baltimore, MD; three Clinical Centers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, the University of Maryland in Baltimore, MD with the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, NC, and the Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged in Boston, MA. The Data Coordinating Center will direct the overall administrative management of the trial.

• Resident of eligible nursing home for at least two weeks
• Occupying a non-Medicare, non-acute, non-rehabilitation bed in the nursing home
• Over age 65
• Capable of independent transfer, not chair- or bed-bound
• Must give informed consent