OBJECTIVES: I. Assess the effects of amifostine on the response to remission induction therapy and consolidation with cytarabine and mitoxantrone in patients with poor prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML), relapsed AML, and blastic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). II. Assess the effects of amifostine on the biology of AML and CML cells in vivo in this patient population.

OUTLINE: Patients receive treatment prior to induction therapy on protocols CYL 90-03 and CYL 97-59. Induction therapy consists of amifostine IV on days 1 and 5 and three times a week from days 6 to 28. Fifteen minutes after amifostine on days 1 and 5, patients receive cytarabine IV over 3 hours at hour 0 and hour 12 and mitoxantrone IV over 1 hour at hour 15. Patients who do not enter remission receive a second course of induction therapy. Patients with persistent AML following a second course are removed from the study. Patients who achieve a complete response (CR), clinical CR, or remission in bone marrow but without hematologic recovery or who return to myelodysplastic syndrome receive consolidation therapy. Consolidation therapy consists of amifostine IV on days 1 and 5 and then three times a week until blood counts recover or day 30, whichever comes first. Patients also receive cytarabine and mitoxantrone as in induction therapy. Patients receive a second course of consolidation therapy beginning 1 week after blood counts recover. After completion of consolidation therapy, patients are enrolled on protocol MDS 97-53.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A maximum of 50 patients will be accrued for this study.

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Newly diagnosed high risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) defined as: AML after myelodysplastic syndrome; refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation or "AML in evolution" also eligible AML following a chronic myeloproliferative disorder (except chronic myelogenous leukemia) Therapy related AML or AML following exposure to a known hematopoietic toxin Relapsed AML Age 70 or older OR AML in first relapse defined as: AML in first relapse without treatment on protocol AML-9801 Relapsed following standard chemotherapy Previously treated on AML-9701 and relapsed after at least 6 months of remission OR Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis defined as: 20% or more blast cells in the bone marrow or peripheral blood Pure lymphoid blastic crisis eligible if resistant to an acute lymphocytic leukemia type treatment regimen or relapsed after initial response to such a treatment

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: 18 and over Performance status: Karnofsky 60-100% Life expectancy: Not specified Hematopoietic: Not specified Hepatic: Bilirubin less than 3 mg/dL SGOT/SGPT no greater than 2.5 times upper limit of normal Renal: Creatinine less than 3 mg/dL Cardiovascular: No overt congestive heart failure or uncontrollable ventricular arrhythmias No uncontrollable hypertension Neurologic: No cerebellar dysfunction Other: Not pregnant or nursing Negative pregnancy test Fertile patients must use effective contraception

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: See Disease Characteristics